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11D 4.6.1 Interactions over Small and Large distances- Forces and Energy > 4.6.1 Forces and Energy > Flashcards

4.6.1 Forces and Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between a contact and non-contact force?

A

Contact – objects must be touching Non-contact – objects do not need to touch

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2
Q

Define what a scalar quantity is.

A

A quantity with magnitude only

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3
Q

Give an example of a scalar quantity.

A

Speed, mass, distance

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4
Q

Define what a vector quantity is.

A

A quantity with magnitude and direction

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5
Q

Give an example of a vector quantity.

A

Velocity, force, displacement

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6
Q

What two properties do force arrows show?

A

Magnitude and direction

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7
Q

A tennis ball is dropped and falls to the floor. Name one contact and one non-contact force that acts on the ball.

A

Contact – air resistance/ drag Non-contact – gravity

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8
Q

Why are forces described as vector quantities?

A

They have magnitude and direction

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9
Q

Name two things that can happen when forces act on an object.

A

Change speed or direction

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10
Q

What is it called if the two forces are the same size and act in opposite directions?

A

Balanced

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11
Q

What 2 things can happen if the forces are the same size?

A

Stationary object remains stationary, Moving object maintains speed and direction

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12
Q

What 2 things can happen if the forces are not the same size?

A

Change speed, direction or shape

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13
Q

What is the resultant force?

A

Single force that replaces all the forces acting on an object.

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14
Q

If forces act along the same axis, how can resultant force be calculated?

A

By finding the difference between them

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15
Q

What is a vector diagram?

A

A diagram to show the overall single effect of forces

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16
Q

In physics, when is work done?

A

When a force moves an object

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17
Q

What two factors affect work done?

A

Force and distance

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18
Q

What is the word equation used to calculate work done?

A

Work done = Force x Distance

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19
Q

What are the units for work done?

A

Joules

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20
Q

One newton-metre is equal to how many joules?

A

1 Joule

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21
Q

What is the relationship between work done and energy transferred?

A

They are equal

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22
Q

What is weight?

A

The force of gravity acting on an object

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23
Q

What is the unit for weight?

A

Newtons

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24
Q

What is mass?

A

The amount of substance an object contains

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25
Q

What apparatus can be used to measure weight?

A

Newtonmeter

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26
Q

How is mass calculated?

A

Mass = Weight ÷ GFS

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27
Q

What is the value of GFS on Earth?

A

9.8 N/kg

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28
Q

What effect does decreasing weight have on mass?

A

Decreases mass

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29
Q

What force will act on a falling object?

A

Gravity

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30
Q

How do objects on Earth gain GPE?

A

Being raised above the ground

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31
Q

Give two reasons why books on a higher shelf have more GPE than books on a lower shelf

A

They have a greater mass and are higher up

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32
Q

State the equation for calculating GPE.

A

Mass x GFS x height

33
Q

What is the unit for GPE?

A

Joules

34
Q

What is GFS on Earth?

A

9.8 N/kg

35
Q

When an object falls what is GPE transferred into?

A

Kinetic energy

36
Q

What is the minimum number of forces needed to deform a stationary object?

A

2

37
Q

What is elastic deformation?

A

When a stretched/ compressed object returns to its original shape

38
Q

How does elastic deformation differ from inelastic deformation?

A

Inelastic deformation – object does not return to original shape

39
Q

Describe the relationship between force and extension before the limit of proportionality.

A

Directly proportional, linear

40
Q

Describe the relationship between force and extension after the limit of proportionality.

A

Non-linear

41
Q

What is the limit of proportionality?

A

The point at which an object no longer obeys Hooke’s law

42
Q

State the equation which links extension, force and spring constant.

A

Force = Spring constant x Extension

43
Q

What is the relationship between elastic potential energy and work done?

A

As long as the limit of proportionality has not been exceeded, they are equal

44
Q

How do you calculate work done?

A

Work done = Force x Distance

45
Q

What happens to elastic potential energy when a spring returns to its original length?

A

It is transferred to other energy stores, e.g. kinetic or thermal

46
Q

What is spring constant measured in?

A

N/m (Newtons per metre)

47
Q

How would you prove an object is elastic?

A

It stretches or compresses

48
Q

What are vector diagrams used for?

A

To show the resultant force acting on an object

49
Q

What equation links weight, mass and GFS?

A

Weight = Mass x GFS

50
Q

What is the value of GFS on Earth?

A

9.8 N/kg

51
Q

What type of quantity is force?

A

Vector

52
Q

What term matches this definition? Squashing an object with opposing forces.

A

Compression

53
Q

What term matches this definition? A force that only acts when objects are touching

A

Contact force

54
Q

What term matches this definition? When two quantities increase/ decrease by the same amount

A

Directly proportional

55
Q

What term matches this definition? Displacement is the distance moved in a straight line, in a given direction, from the starting point

A

Displacement

56
Q

What term matches this definition? An object deforms when a force is applied, but returns to its origional shape when the force is removed.

A

Elastic deformation

57
Q

What term matches this definition? Energ stored in a stretched or compressed object.

A

Elastic potential energy

58
Q

What term matches this definition? The distance an object is stretched when a force is applied.

A

Extension

59
Q

What term matches this definition? A diagram used to show the forces acting on an object.

A

Free body diagram

60
Q

What term matches this definition? The strength of gravity on a given planet.

A

Gravitational field strength

61
Q

What term matches this definition? The energy stored in an object with mass which is held above the ground.

A

Gravitational potential energy

62
Q

What term matches this definition? An object deforms when a force is applied, but does not return to its origional shape when the force is removed.

A

Inelastic deformation

63
Q

What term matches this definition? The unit of measurement for energy

A

Joule

64
Q

What term matches this definition? The point after which force and extension are no longer directly proportional

A

Limit of proportionality

65
Q

What term matches this definition? The size of a quantity

A

Magnitude

66
Q

What term matches this definition? The amount of matter or particles that make up an object

A

Mass

67
Q

What term matches this definition? The scientific term for movement

A

Motion

68
Q

What term matches this definition? The units for Spring constant

A

Newton-metre

69
Q

What term matches this definition? A force that only acts when objects are not touching

A

Non-contact force

70
Q

What term matches this definition? A single force that replaces all the other forces acting on an object

A

Resultant force

71
Q

What term matches this definition? A quantity with only magnitude

A

Scalar quantity

72
Q

What term matches this definition? A measure of how much force is needed to extend a spring

A

Spring constant

73
Q

What term matches this definition? A diagram that shows forces acting on an object,allowing you to calculate the resultant force, even when forces act at an angle

A

Vector diagram

74
Q

What term matches this definition? A quantity with both magnitude and direction

A

Vector quantity

75
Q

What term matches this definition? A force that explains how gravity acts on objects with mass

A

Weight

76
Q

What term matches this definition? When force is required to move an object a certain distance

A

Work

77
Q

What is a vector quantity?

A

has a direction as well as a magnitude

78
Q

Define the spring constant

A

a measure of how easy it is to stretch or compress a spring

79
Q

Define the spring constant

A

a measure of how easy it is to stretch or compress a spring

11D 4.6.1 Interactions over Small and Large distances- Forces and Energy (1 decks)

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