4.6 -Organic Synthesis - Synthetic routes

Question 1

What are the 7 main functional groups you need to know

Answer 1

Alkanes C-C
Alkenes C=C
Haloalkanes C-Halogen
Alcohols -OH
Aldehydes (carbon bonded to one alkyl group one hydrogen and double bond to oxygen)
ketones ( carbon bonded to 2 alkyl groups and double bond to oxygen)
Carboxylic acids COOH

Question 2

How many reactions can alkanes under go

Answer 2

one

Question 3

How many reactions can haloalkanes undergo

Answer 3

one

Question 4

How many reactions can alkenes undergo

Answer 4

3

Question 5

how many reactions can alcohols undergo

Answer 5

5

Question 6

how many reactions can ketones, aldehydes and carboxylic acids undergo

Answer 6

none

Question 7

What can alkanes form + Conditions + mechanism (1)

Answer 7

Alkanes form haloalkanes when added to a halogen
UV light
Free Radical Substitution

Question 8

What can Alkenes form + Conditions + mechanism (3)

Answer 8

Alkanes When added to hydrogen
Ni catalyst and 150˚C
Electrophilic addition

Haloalkanes when added to a hydrogen halide
Room temp
electrophilic addition

Alcohols when added to steam and H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)
heat
hydration reaction

Question 9

What can Haloalkanes form + Conditions + mechanism (1)

Answer 9

Alcohols when NaOH is added
heat under reflux
nucleophilic substitution

Question 10

What can alcohols form + Conditions + mechanism (5)

Answer 10

Haloalkanes when added to NaX and sulfuric acid
heat under reflux
nucleophilic substitution

alkenes when added to Al2O3 or a conc acid
heat
elimination

(2ndary alcohol )Ketones when added to acidified potassium dichromate
Heat under reflux
oxidation

aldehydes when added to acidified potassium dichromate
distillation
oxidation

carboxylic acids when added to acidified potassium dichromate
Heat under reflux