4.6 Biodiversity within a community 4.7 Investigating diversity Flashcards

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1
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The variety of living organisms. It can be measured in terms of species diversity, ecosystem diversity and genetic diversity.

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2
Q

Define community

A

All the different species that live in one area and interact with each other

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3
Q

What impact does farming have on species diversity?

A

Decreases species richness
1. farmland is typically used for only 1 species
2. use of pesticides/ herbicides

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4
Q

What impact does farming have on genetic diversity?

A

decreases
1. farmers select for certain characteristics, which reduces number of different alleles in the population

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5
Q

How can biodiversity be increased in areas of agriculture?

A
  1. Use hedgerows instead of fences.
  2. Grow different crops in the same area, or rotate crops around after a season.
  3. Limit use of pesticides and herbicides.
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6
Q

Name four ways we can compare genetic diversity between organisms.

A
  1. Frequency of observable characteristics.
  2. Base sequence of DNA.
  3. Base sequence of mRNA.
  4. Amino acid sequence
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7
Q

Define gene technology

A

sampling DNA or mRNA in order to read and compare the base sequence of organism.

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8
Q

Why do scientists prefer to use gene technology instead of observation?

A

Simply inferring DNA differences by observing an organism’s characteristics is not reliable; the characteristics could be coded for by more than one gene, or could be influenced by the environment.

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9
Q

What is meant by interspecific and intraspecific variation?

A

Interspecific = differences between individuals of different species.
Intraspecific = differences between individuals of the same species

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10
Q

Define sampling

A

Selecting a group of individuals to measure that will represent the whole target population

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11
Q

How can a random sample be achieved?

A

Create a grid for your sample area, and then randomly generate coordinates where a quadrant or transect can be placed. Repeat until required sample size is reached.

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