4.6 Amines

Question 1

What do all amines contain?

Answer 1

A nitrogen atom bonded directly to a carbon atom of an alkyl or aryl group.

Question 2

how does the bonding of the nitrogen atom affect the naming of the amine?

Answer 2

If the nitrogen atom is bonded to one carbon it’s a primary amine.
If its bonded to 2 carbons its a secondary amine.
If its bonded to three carbons its a tertiary amine.

Question 3

What do aromatic amines contain?

Answer 3

They have an NH2 group bonded directly to the benzene ring.

Question 4

How is a primary amine produced from a halogenoalkane?

Answer 4

Using ammonia (NH3) with a water/ethanol solvent produces an amine.

Question 5

What happens if the mixture of a halogenoalkane and an amine is heated?

Answer 5

Ammonia gas is lost from the mixture thus reducing the yield.

Question 6

what type of mechanism is the formation of amines from halogenoalkanes?

Answer 6

Nucleophilic substitution ( draw now)

Question 7

What is one problem with the production of amines from halogenoalkanes and how can it be overcome?

Answer 7

The usual product is not an amine but a salt as the amine and the for example HBr or HCl react to create a salt. This is overcome by heating with a base thus NaOH is used to release the amine .

Question 8

How can you make primary amines from nitriles?

Answer 8

Using a reducing agent like LIAlH4 dissolved in ethoxyethane as a solvent.