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4th Semester > 4570 Exam 1 > Flashcards

4570 Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What nutrient deficiency is r/t neural tube defects?

A

Folic Acid Deficiency

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2
Q

What 2 immunizations are recommended during pregnancy?

A

Flu and TDaP. (and covid)

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3
Q

Which vaccines shouldn’t be given during pregnancy?

A

Live virus vaccines (MMR, HPV, Varicella.

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4
Q

How many pounds should a pregnant woman gain in the first trimester?

A

5 lbs total in the first trimester.

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5
Q

How many pounds should a pregnant woman gain per week after the first trimester?

A

1lb per week.

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6
Q

What causes supine hypotension in pregnancy?

A

Vena Cava Syndrome (Uterus compresses vena cava when lying supine)

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7
Q

What routine labs are done @ 24 to 28 weeks?

A

Repeat RPR/VDRL, CBC, antibody screen (if rH -), and 1hr glucose screen for diabetes.

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8
Q

What lab is done @ 36 weeks?

A

Group B strep (GBS) swab.

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9
Q

What is the schedule for prenatal visits?

A

-Q4 wks until 28wks
-Q2 wks until 36 weeks
-Weekly until birth

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10
Q

1st trimester danger signs

A

Bleeding, pain, vomiting w/ weight loss, fever, rash, infx, and dysuria.

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11
Q

Danger signs for preterm labor

A

Cramps, low backache, thigh pain, water leaking, gush of fluid, and increased mucus discharge.

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12
Q

Danger signs for preeclampsia

A

Headache, visual changes, generalized edema and sudden weight gain.

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13
Q

Danger signs for placental issues

A

Bleeding and pain

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14
Q

Danger sign for fetal issues

A

Decreased fetal movement.

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15
Q

FDA Pregnancy classes for medications

A

A = Proven safe.
B = No known problems but not fully studied.
C = Possible problems but not fully studied.
D = Known dangers but benefit may outweigh risk.
X = Never safe for use/ may just induce labor.

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16
Q

What is lanugo?

A

Fine, soft, un-pigmented hair.

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17
Q

What is striae gravidarum?

A

Pregnancy stretch marks

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18
Q

What is chloasma?

A

Blotchy brown areas on the face.

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19
Q

What is linea negra?

A

Dark line on belly

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20
Q

What risk factors may lead to the need for a nutritional referral?

A
  • Adolescence
  • High BMI
  • Low BMI
  • Special diets
  • Food sensitivities
  • Cultural or personal preferences
  • Pica
  • Closely spaced pregnancies
  • Multiple fetuses
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21
Q

What is a positive sign of a pregnancy?

A

Direct evidence of a fetus.

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22
Q

What cardiovascular changes are expected during pregnancy?

A
  • Cardiac output increases 30-50%
  • Pulse increases 10-15bpm above baseline
  • Murmurs are common
  • Slight increase in heart size
  • Blood volume increases 40-45%
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23
Q

What hematologic changes are expected during pregnancy?

A
  • Increased clotting factors –> Increased risk for thrombus
  • Increased production of RBCs
  • Low H&H
  • Hemodilution
  • Physiologic anemia
  • Lowered BUN and Uric acid r/t increased flow through kidneys
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24
Q

What is the cycle of violence?

A

Honeymoon phase –> Tension Building –> Abusive Incident –> Repeat

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25
Q

Why is magnesium sulfate used?

A

Seizure prevention

26
Q

Side effects of magnesium sulfate?

A

Feeling warm, flushing, diaphoresis, burning @ IV site, warmth in perineum.

27
Q

Signs of magnesium sulfate toxicity

A

Decreased/ absent DTRs, cardiac arrest, decreased respirations, lethargy, double vision/ slurred speech, maternal hypotension and bradycardia.

28
Q

How is magnesium sulfate toxicity treated?

A

Calcium Gluconate

29
Q

What indicates that someone has hyperemesis gravidarum vs regular pregnancy sickness?

A

Excessive vomiting resulting in weight loss, electrolyte and fluid imbalances, and nutritional deficits.

30
Q

How is hyperemesis gravidarum treated?

A
  • Pt will be NPO
  • IVF
  • Antiemetics
  • Supplements to correct electrolyte imbalance
31
Q

What are examples of iron-rich foods?

A

Meat, dried fruits, beans, and leafy greens

32
Q

What is the deadliest complication of pregnancy?

A

Heart disease

33
Q

What is normal HR for a newborn?

A

110 to 160 bpm and irregular.

34
Q

What are three tests that can be used for genetic anomalies

A
  • Maternal Serum Alphafetal Protein (msAFP)
  • Chorionic Villi Sampling (CVS)
  • Amniocentesis
35
Q

Which genetic testing can be done earliest?

A

CVS (10 weeks)

36
Q

What is it called when there is a lack of amniotic fluid?

A

Oligohydramnios

37
Q

What is it called when there is excessive amniotic fluid?

A

Polyhydramnios

38
Q

What can cause polyhydramnios?

A

Poorly controlled diabetes and fetal congenital abnormalities

39
Q

What can cause oligohydramnios?

A

Not making fluid or loss of fluid.

40
Q

What is considered a bad BPP result?

A

Less than 4/10.

41
Q

What is considered a bad NST result?

A

Less than 2 accelerations in 20 min

42
Q

What is considered a bad CST result?

A

Late decelerations present w/ more than half of contractions.

43
Q

What is usual fundal height at 20 and 24 weeks?

A

of week +/- 2

44
Q

What are priority systems to assess in a newborn?

A

Respiratory and circulatory (heart and lungs), followed by reflexes.

45
Q

What is considered low birth weight (LBW)?

A

Less than 2500g (5.5lb)

46
Q

True or false: Women tend to wake up from anesthesia quicker than men

A

True

47
Q

True or false: Men experience more side effects than women

A

False. Women experience more side effects.

48
Q

True or false: Black women are more likely to give birth to LBW and premature babies

A

True

49
Q

What are 4 main functions of the placenta?

A
  • Transfer oxygen & nutrients to the fetus.
  • Remove waste products and CO2 away from fetus, into maternal blood.
  • Make hormones (HCG).
  • Transfer antibodies from mother to fetus.
50
Q

What 2 ways can someone detect ovulation?

A

Temperature changes and mucus changes.

51
Q

True or false: A drop in BBT predicts ovulation

A

True

52
Q

True or false: BBT spikes up 2 degrees after ovulation

A

False. BBT only rises 1/2 a degree after ovulation.

53
Q

When is the fetus most vulnerable to birth anomalies?

A

Embryonic stage (15 days to 8 weeks)

54
Q

The nurse interviewing a pregnant client on her first prenatal visit notes the following pregnancy history: vaginal birth of twins at 33 weeks gestation, both healthy, miscarriage at 8 weeks gestation, cesarean birth of a breech baby at 38 weeks gestation, healthy, and vaginal birth at 36 weeks, also healthy . How would the nurse describe the pregnancy history using GTPAL?

A

5-1-2-1-4

55
Q

The nurse is setting up an appointment for a pregnant client at low risk who is currently 34 weeks gestation. When should the next routine appointment be scheduled?

A

In two weeks

56
Q

Which client is at highest risk for nutritional problems during her pregnancy?

A. 31 year old at 22 weeks gestation, pregnant with twins, pre-pregnant weight 95 pounds, current weight 111 pounds.

B. 18 year old at 10 weeks gestation whose pre-pregnant weight was 112 pounds, current weight is 117 pounds.

C. 25 year old at 25 weeks gestation, history of morning sickness which resolved at 14 weeks, pre-pregnant weight 120 pounds, current weight 140 pounds.

D. 22 year at 36 weeks gestation, pre-pregnant weight of 220 pounds, current weight is 235 pounds.

A

A

57
Q

What suggests UTI in pregnant patient?

A

Normal UTI symptoms basically

58
Q

Molar Pregnancy Characteristics

A

2nd trimester, dark brown discharge, assisted reproductive meds. Acts like cancer, can turn into cancer. No presence of fetal heart tones ever. Uterus larger than what would be expected

59
Q

Placenta previa characteristics

A

3rd trimester
Risk factors: Previous c-section, AMA, multiparity, tobacco use, living, hx of D&C. Nothing inserted through vagina because it can cause hemorrhage. C-section only

60
Q

Ectopic characteristics

A

Pain wherever the pregnancy has developed.
Methotrexate to stop growth. Abnormal bleeding if ruptured.

61
Q

How much folic acid before pregnancy?

A

400mcg

4th Semester (10 decks)

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