4.5.1 Periodic Table Flashcards
What is the maximum number of electrons in the lowest energy level?
2
In what order are elements in the modern periodic table arranged?
Atomic number
What is the name for the vertical columns in the periodic table?
Groups
Why do elements in the same group have similar properties?
They have the same number of electrons in their outer shell
What does an element’s period number tell us about its atoms?
The number of shells in an atom
In what order were elements in early periodic tables arranged?
Atomic mass
Give one reason why Mendeleev’s periodic table correctly grouped the elements.
He left gaps for undiscovered elements
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element but with a different mass number
Where in the periodic table are metals found?
To the left
What is a metal?
An element which forms a positive ion
What is a positive ion?
A charged atom, which has lost electrons
Would an element with 8 electrons be a metal or non-metal? Explain your answer.
Non-metal – it would have 6 electrons in its outer shell so would be in group 6
What are elements that do not form positive ions known as?
Non-metals
Why is hydrogen found on its own in the periodic table and not in a group?
It forms a positive ion but is a non-metal
What is a negative ion?
A charged atom, which has gained electrons
Give 3 properties of metals.
Sonorous, malleable, ductile, shiny, thermal and electrical conductors
What are the elements in group 0 known as?
Noble gases
What is similar about the electronic structure of all the noble gases?
Full outer shell of electrons
Would xenon make a good fuel? Explain your answer.
No – it would not react with oxygen
What is a difference between the electronic structure of the noble gases?
They have different numbers of shells
Describe the trend in boiling points of the noble gases.
Increase, as you go down the group
The group 0 elements exist as monoatomic gases. What does this mean?
They exist as single atoms, not joined to anything else
Give two properties of all the noble gases.
Inert, gases at room temperature
Explain the properties given in Q7.
Full outer shells, low boiling point
Why does sodium float on water?
It is less dense than water
What gas is given off when Group 1 metals react with water?
Hydrogen
What are the Group 1 elements also known as?
Alkali metals
Why are they known as this?
The react with water to produce an alkaline solution
Describe the trend in reactivity as you go down Group 1.
Increases
Why do the elements in Group 1 share similar properties?
They all have one electron in their outer shell
Why do alkali metals form +1 ions?
They lose one electron from their outer shell
What are Group 7 elements also known as?
Halogens
What is a diatomic molecule?
A molecule containing 2 atoms
What is the charge on a halide ion?
-1
What sort of compounds do halogens form with other non-metals?
Molecular compounds which are gases or liquids
What is the difference between a halide and a halogen?
Halide is a -1 ion, Halogen is a neutral atom
Describe the trend in reactivity down Group 7.
Decreases
Why do the elements of Group 7 get less reactive down the group?
The outer shell is further from the nucleus, becomes harder to attract an extra electron for a full outer shell
Why will iodine not displace bromine from magnesium bromide?
Iodine is less reactive than bromine
What gas is given off when lithium reacts with water?
Hydrogen
Name 3 noble gases.
Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon
Which group does iodine belong to?
Group 7 – Halogens
Which group does an element belong to if it has 2 electrons in its outer shell?
Group 2
An element in period 4 has how many electron shells?
4
Which halogen is the most reactive?
Fluorine
What is a non-metal?
An element which forms negative ions
What term matches this definition? A group 1 element
Alkali metal
What term matches this definition? Dissolved in water, in solution
Aqueous
What term matches this definition? Number of protons in an atom
Atomic number
What term matches this definition? Substance made of two or more elements chemically joined
Compound
What term matches this definition? Allows the transfer of heat or electricity through the material
Conductor
What term matches this definition? Able to be pulled into wires
Ductile
What term matches this definition? The arrangement of electrons in energy levels in an atom
Electron configuration
What term matches this definition? Substance made of only one type of atom
Element
What term matches this definition? The orbit of electrons at different distances around the nucleus
Energy level
What term matches this definition? A vertical column in the Periodic table
Group
What term matches this definition? The ion of a halogen
Halide
What term matches this definition? A group 7 element
Halogen
What term matches this definition? Does not allow the transfer of heat or electricity through the material
Insulator
What term matches this definition? A charged atom, after losing or gaining electrons
Ion
What term matches this definition? Compound made of oppositely charged metal and non-metal ions
Ionic compound
What term matches this definition? Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass
Isotope
What term matches this definition? Can be bent or hammered into shape
Malleable
What term matches this definition? The number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Mass number
What term matches this definition? The creator of the modern Periodic table
Mendeleev
What term matches this definition? Compounds which contain singular molecules, e.g. water as H2O
Molecular compound
What term matches this definition? A group 0 element
Noble gas
What term matches this definition? A horizontal row in the Periodic table
Period
What term matches this definition? A physical or chemical characteristic
Property
What term matches this definition? The mass of an element taking into account the relative abundancy of its isotopes
Relative atomic mass
What term matches this definition? Produces a ringing sound when hit
Sonorous
