Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Year 12 Bio > 4.5 Transsport Of Gases > Flashcards

4.5 Transsport Of Gases Flashcards

1
Q

What is a mass transport system

A

t.s relies on substances being transported in the flow of a fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a feature of the cardiovascular system (a mammals mass transport system)

A

Contains a system of vessels , thru arteries veins and capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a mammal circulation system composed of

A

Systematic circulation - carries oxygenated blood from heart to body cells and returns deox blood back to heart

Pulmonary - carries deox blood from heart to lungs then returns oxy blood back to heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adv of double circulation system

A

-more efficient gas exhancge
-blood can be delivered at high pressure to body tissues to meet high respitory demand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

why do organisms need a mass transport system

A

to be able to get all of the substances that cells need to the correct place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Plasma is found in the blood what is its function

A
  1. Transfers heat around the body
  2. Transports digested food products
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the blood

A
  1. Transport 02, contain haemoglobin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the types of leukocytes (white blood cells)
Granulocytes

A
  1. Neutrophils (digests pathogens, phagocytosis)
  2. Basophils (produce histamines involved in inflammation and allergic reactions)
  3. Eosinophils (response to i and ar.)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the types of leukocytes (agranulocytes)

A

Monocytes - digest pathogens by phagocytosis
Lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of platelets

A

Involved in blood clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Function and adaptation of artery

A

Carries blood away from the heart ,at high pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

function and adaptation of vein

A

Carry blood back to the heart under low pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adaptations of the artery

A

-narrow lumen to maintain hbp
-smooth muscle can contract
-elastic fibres stretch to maintain hbp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are peripheral arteries

A

Small arteries further away from the heart , they have a greater proportion of smooth muscle than normal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Adaptation of veins

A

Thin layer of muscles and elastic fibres as pressure is low
Valves to prevent backflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Adaptation of capillaries

A

Short diffusion pathway
Easy exchange
One layer of flattened endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is partial pressure for oxygen p02

A

the amount of oxygen in tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ventillation allows for

A

the lungs to have high p02 , which means more oxygen is able to associate with haemoglobin molecules.
-% of haemaglobin saturation is highest here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

in respiring tissue

A

-the p02 is low , which means oxygen dissociates from oxyhaemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is cooperative binding

A

when the first o2 mol binds the haem shape changes making it easier for 2nd and 3rd o2 mols to binds. difficult for 4th as haem mols become full

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is myoglobin

A

-has a higher affinity for oxygen than haem at the same partial pressure, supplies oxygen to muscles for aerboic respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

s and d between the strucutres and of haem and myglo

A

both globular, haem has 4 pp chains, myg has 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is feotal haem

A

they have a stringer affinity for oxygen than maternal haem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does blood clotting occur

A

Plasma platelets and blood cells flow from a cut blood vessel, contact between platelets and tissue cause platelets to open releasing 2 substances …

25
Blood clotting 2
Serotonin- causing damaged bv to contract reducing blood flow to damaged area Thromboplastin enzyme which causes a cascade of events leading to clot formation . Converts prothrombin to thrombin
26
Blood clotting 3
Thromoplastin catalyses conversion of prothrombin into thrombin Thrombin catalyses the conversion of soluble fribrinogen into insoluble fibrin which causes clots.
27
How does deoxygenated blood flow occur in the heart
Blood flows thru Inferior vena cava and then right atrium which contracts pushing blood thru tricuspid valve into right ventricle , blood then goes to pul valve and out then pumps to pul artery to lungs
28
How does oxygenated blood flow occur in the heart
Oxygenated blood comes from lungs to pulmonary vein to left atrium , blood travels thru mitral valve into left ventricle , contracts pumping blood thru aortic valve and out the aorta
29
What is the structure of of xylem
Transport water and minerals, made of dead tissue with open ends to form a continuous column -thickened with ligin to provide support
30
Phloem
-made of living tissue , translocation, contain sieve tubes and companion cells
31
Movement in xylem :
Water moves in plant via osmosis thru root hair cells, water moves thru root also by osm it can move thru symplast or apoplast pathway T
32
Symplast pathway Apoplast
Water moves thru cytoplasm via the plasmodesmata, osmosis Water moves thru cell walls , diffusion
33
Movement in the phloem
Complete
34
Factors affecting transpiration 1
Wind - increases t.r as it removes still air from around the leaf , incr conc g and incr rate of diffusion Humidity - decre conc gradient therefore decr rate of diffusion
35
Transpiration 2
Temp - increases random motion , rate of evap thus rate of transpir Light intensity- increases no of stomata open for phyosythenic gas exchange
36
What are the 3 stages of the cardiac cycle
1. diastole - atria and ventricles are relaxed, blood flows into atria increasing the pressure 2. Atrial systole - atria contracts , blood empties from the atria entering the ventricles , pressure within ventricles increase 3. Ventricular systole - atria relax , ventricles contract , pressure increases , blood pushed out ventricles into the arteries
37
Coordination of the cardiac cycle SAN
a heart beat starts at sinoatrial node above the right atrium , gives out regular elec sign which spread thru the atria muscles causing them to contract (atrial systole)
38
Atrioventricular node AVN
Located near av valve , passes elec sign to middle of the heart (septum) there is a delay here to allow the atria to fully empty before the ventricles contract
39
Bundle of his
Carries the elec sign from AVN to the bundle of his , the BOH is very insulated so the electrical signal can’t escape
40
what is an electrocardiogram
A medical device that measures the electrical pulse of the heart
41
What is atherosclerosis
The hardening of the arteries caused by damage to the endothelium of an artery
42
How can increased blood pressure increase the risk of atherosclerosis
-damage to endothelium lining -inflammatory response occur -formation of plaque in arteries so they’re narrowed reducing blood flow
43
Effects of atherosclerosis on health
Aneurism which is the bursting of the artery wall , raised blood pressure, angina which is the build up of plaque on the Coronary arteries reducing blood flow to the heart
44
How can angina be treated ?
A stent to hold the coronary arteries open
45
Effects of atherosclerosis on health 2
Myocardial infarction, blood clots , strokes
46
What are non modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis , you can’t change Modifiable
Age , gender , genetics Smoking, excersize
47
How can you prevent atherosclerosis
Eating balanced diet , not smoking , healthy weight
48
What are the 3 fluid types?
Blood , tissue fluid and lymph
49
How is tissue fluid formed
Hydrostatic pressure is generated by the heart Water. and low molecular mass solutes are forced out f the capillaries
50
describe the movement of tissue fluid
-theres a hydrostatic pressure at the arterial end of the cap from heart beat contractions -fluid substances are forced out thru pores in capillary walls at the arterial end -bc the h.s press is higher than the oncotic pressure , but when o.p is higher than h.s the fluid moves back into the cap
51
what is tissue fluid?
a fluid that surrounds all the cells in the body
52
how does oncotic pressure work?
o.p created by plasma proteins when the fluid flows thru the cap not all particles can fit thru like proteins bc theyre too big, more proteins in plasma than tissue fluid, so the tissue fluid has a higher water potential than the blood , so moves back into capilaries by osmosis Oncotic > hydrostatic
53
How can increased blood pressure increase the risk of atherosclerosis
Damage to endothelium lining Inflammatory response occurs Therefore formation of plaque in arteries Arteries r narrowed reducing blood flow
54
What factors other than increased blood pressure can increase the risk of atherosclerosis
Smoking damages arteries lining Type 2 diabetes increase blood pressure Lack of excersize
55
Describe the structure of the heart
Four chambers , right and left atrium and ventr Myocardial tissue Left ventricle is thicker than right
56
What is an adv to the oxygen dissociation curve shifting to the right co2
-respiring cells -haem has lower affinity for o2 -unloads its o2 -more o2 is released to be used in aerobic respiration
57
what is the cohesion tension theory
water is lost thru transpiration from leaves, cells have low water potential bc of the cohesion of water molecules that form hydorgen bonds
58
Why is tissue fluid important
Supplies oxygen for respiration
59
What happens to tissue fluid that isn’t reabosrbed into the blood capillary
Tissue fluid enters the lymphatic system And the lymph returns to the blood

Year 12 Bio (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions