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Chemistry Rev 4th Form > 4.5 Organic 1 > Flashcards

4.5 Organic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does crude oil come from?

A

Fossilisation

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2
Q

Is crude oil a finite resource T or F?

A

T

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3
Q

What is crude oil?

A

A mixture of hydrocarbons

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4
Q

Define a hydrocarbon

A

A compound that only contains hydrogen and carbon

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5
Q

Give a method used to obtain ethanol from a mixture of ethanol and water?

A

Fractional Distillation

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6
Q

What would happen to the size of the hydrocarbon molecules if the boiling point increases?

A

Higher Boiling point due to a higher RFM more energy is required as there are more electrons

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7
Q

What happens to the colour of hydrocarbons if the RFM increases?

A

Become darker

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8
Q

What is viscosity?

A

How thick something is

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9
Q

Give the order of fractions?

A

Refinery Gases, Gasoline, Kerosene, Diesel, Fuel Oil, Bitumen

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10
Q

Is the BP of fractions higher at bitumen or refinery gases?

A

Higher at Bitumen

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11
Q

Is the RFM of fractions higher at bitumen or refinery gases?

A

Higher at Bitumen

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12
Q

Is the colour of fractions darker at bitumen or refinery gases?

A

Darker at Bitumen

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13
Q

Is the viscosity of fractions higher at bitumen or Gasoline?

A

Very Viscous (higher) at Bitumen

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14
Q

Give the use of refinery gases?

A

Camping Stoves

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15
Q

Give the use of Gasoline?

A

Fuel for cars

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16
Q

Give the use of Kerosene?

A

Fuel for planes

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17
Q

Give the use of Diesel?

A

Fuel for lorries

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18
Q

Give the use of Fuel oil?

A

Fuel for ships

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19
Q

Give the use of Bitumen?

A

Making roads

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20
Q

Give the steps to finding fractions? (6 steps)

A
  1. Heat crude oil until it vaporises
  2. Longest fractions stay as liquid falling to the bottom
  3. Fractioning column is hotter at the bottom & cooler at top
  4. Vapour rides until it reaches BP where it condenses
  5. Collected as mixtures with similar BP
    6.Shortest chains found at top of column, opposite at bottom.
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21
Q

Name all 6 Alkanes and how many carbons & Hydrocarbons they have?

A

Methane (1,4)
Ethane (2,6)
Propane (3,8)
Butane (4,10)
Pentane (5,12)
Hexane (6,14)

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22
Q

What are Alkanes?

A

Saturated Hydrocarbons (no double bonds)

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23
Q

Give the general formula of Alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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24
Q

What is the empirical formula?

A

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound e.g. CH3

25
What is the Molecular formula?
The number of each kind of atom in a molecule e.g. C5H12
26
What is the structural formula?
Describes what is bonded to each C in a molecule e.g. CH3CH2CH
27
What is the homologous series?
Homologous series - Same general formula, same function group
28
What happens to the to the boiling point of Alkanes?
Higher = Higher RFM means more electrons and stronger intermolecular forces
29
What happens to the to the flammability of Alkanes?
The longer they are means they have more C + H means they are less fammable
30
What happens to the to the viscocity of Alkanes?
More viscous as the chain length increases due to stronger intermolecular forces
31
What are isomers
Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula.
32
Why are alkenes more reactive than alkanes?
Double bond means more electrons and will be more reactive
33
Give the products of combustion of a Hydrocarbon?
CO2 and Water --> only products of complete combustion
34
What can halogens do with alkanes?
Substitution -> Halogen takes the place of a H in a displayed formula
35
What conditions are necessary for substitution of halogens with alkanes?
UV light
36
Give all 4 pollutants caused by combustion of alkanes?
Sulphur Dioxide Oxides of nitrogen Carbon monoxide Carbon particulates (soot)
37
How us Sulphur Dioxide formed and why is it a problem?
Burn sulphur impurities in fuel - causes acid rain
38
How us oxides of Nitrogen formed and why is it a problem?
High Temperatures + pressure in engines - Cause of acid rain + harmful if inhaled
39
How is Carbon monoxide formed and why is it a problem?
Incomplete combustion - toxic, binds irreversibly to RBCs stops blood carrying O2
40
How is Carbon particulates formed and why is it a problem?
Incomplete Combustion - covers buildings, harmful to breath in
41
What is the process of cracking?
Cracking is the process of breaking down longer chain hydrocarbons, into shorter ones. We do this because the shorter ones are more useful and therefore higher in demand.
42
In a cracking demo what are you heating?
Aluminium oxides catalyst
43
What does cracking do?
Shorter alkanes and alkenes
44
Cracking is thermal decomposition, define it?
Chemicals breaking down due to heat
45
What is the difference between alkanes and alkenes?
Alkenes have a double bond Alkenes have 2 less hydrogens than alkanes
46
How is an alkene described?
An Unsaturated hydrocarbon
47
What happens to the alkanes when the are alkenes?
Lose 2 hydrogens Now end with -ene
48
What type of flame do alkenes make?
Smoky flame
49
Define the term isomerism?
Same molecular formula, different structural formula
50
What happens with alkenes and halogens?
Addition - halogens take the place of two missing hydrogens
51
Is UV light required for addition between halogens and alkenes?
No, happens at room temperature
52
What is a polymer?
A plastic - A polymer is a long chain molecule made up of repeating units (monomers)
53
What is a monomer?
A monomer is a small reactive molecule (usually an alkene/alcohol/ carboxylic) which when added together form a polymer
54
What is addition polymerisation?
This is a type of polymerisation that occurs by the a monomer being continuously added onto the end of a polymer chain
55
What is added to the beginning of an alkene with polymerisation?
Poly eg: Poly(ethene)
56
How can polymers be drawn in this case Poly(propene)
h\ /ch3 ch3\ /h n c=c ----> ----(-- c - c --)--- h/ \h h/ \h
57
Why are there issues with disposing of polymers?
Polymers have strong bonds that are not broken down easily
58
How can we dispose of polymers?
- Incinerate the polymer, using the heat to generate electricity - Sort and recycle the plastics, this will weaken the plastics over time Landfill - buried underground

Chemistry Rev 4th Form (5 decks)

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