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OCR Physics AS Level > 4.4 - Waves > Flashcards

4.4 - Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a progressive wave?

A

A wave that moves away from a source and transfers energy from one place to another without any net transfer of matter.

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2
Q

Define ‘longitudinal wave’.

A

A progressive wave where the vibrations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer (resulting in the formation of compression and rarefaction).

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3
Q

Define ‘transverse wave’.

A

A progressive wave where the vibrations are at right angles to the direction of energy transfer.

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4
Q

Give 3 examples of longitudinal waves.

A

Sound
Ultrasound
Certain types of seismic waves called P waves

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5
Q

Give examples of transverse waves.

A

Any EM spectrum wave, heat, surface waves.

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6
Q

Define “Displacement”.

A

The distance any part of the wave has moved from its mean (rest) position - it can be positive or negative.
-Measured in METRES

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7
Q

Define “Amplitude”.

A

The maximum displacement - the distance from a peak or trough to the mean (rest) position.
-Measured in METRES

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8
Q

Define “Wavelength”.

A

The distance between two successive identical points that have the same pattern of oscillation.
- Measured in METRES

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9
Q

Define “Period”.

A

The time it takes for one complete pattern of oscillation to take place at any point.
- Measured in SECONDS

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10
Q

Define “Phase Difference”.

A

The relationship between the pattern of vibration at two points.
- Measured in RADIANS

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11
Q

Define “Frequency”.

A

The number of oscillations per unit time at any point.

- Measured in HERTZ (Hz)

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12
Q

How would you work out the period on an oscilloscope?

A

Period = Distance between peaks x Time Base Setting

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13
Q

Define wave INTENSITY.

A

The rate at which energy is transferred from one location to another as wave travels through space, PERPENDICULAR to the direction of wave travel.

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14
Q

If the power in a wave spreads out equally in all directions, what is the formula?

A

Intensity = Power /4πr^2

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15
Q

Describe how INTENSITY and AMPLITUDE relate to each other.

A

The amplitude of a wave decreases as the wave spreads out from a source. The energy of a wave is proportional to the square of its amplitude. Hence the intensity of a progressive wave is also proportional to the square of its amplitude:
I ∝ A^2

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16
Q

What can all waves experience (3) ?

A

REFLECTION
REFRACTION
DIFFRACTION

17
Q

What are 7 properties of ELECTROMAGNETIC waves?

A
  1. They can all travel through a vacuum
  2. All possess both a magnetic wave and an electrical wave interlocked and at right angles to each other.
  3. In free space, they all travel at the speed of light, 2.98 x 10^8 ms^-1
  4. They are all TRANSVERSE waves
  5. They can all be REFLECTED, REFRACTED and DIFFRACTED.
  6. They can all demonstrate INTERFERENCE.
  7. They can all be POLARISED.
18
Q

What is the range of Wavelength (m) of RADIO?

What is its range of Frequency (Hz)?

A

10^-1 - 10^4 m

3 x 10^9 - 3 x 10^4 Hz

19
Q

Give 3 uses of RADIO waves.

A
  1. Television
  2. Radio
  3. Telecommunications
20
Q

What is the range of Wavelength (m) of MICROWAVES?

What is its range of Frequency (Hz)?

A

10^-4 - 10 ^-1 m

3 x 10^12 - 3 x 10^9 Hz

21
Q

Give 4 uses of MICROWAVES.

A
  1. Radar
  2. Mobile Phones
  3. Microwave Ovens
  4. Satellite Navigation
22
Q

What is the range of Wavelength (m) of INFRA-RED?

What is its range of Frequency (Hz)?

A

7.4 x 10^-7 - 10^-3 m

4 x 10^14 - 3 x 10^11 Hz

23
Q

Give 3 uses of INFRA-RED.

A
  1. Heaters
  2. Night-Vision Equipment
  3. Remote Controls
24
Q

What is the range of Wavelength (m) of VISIBLE LIGHT?

What is its range of Frequency (Hz)?

A

3.7 x 10^-7 - 7.4x10^-7 m

8x10^14 - 4 x 10^14 Hz

25
Q

Give 2 uses of VISIBLE LIGHT.

A
  1. Sight

2. Communication

26
Q

What is the range of Wavelength (m) of ULTRAVIOLET?

What is its range of Frequency (Hz)?

A

10^-9 - 3.7x10^-7 m

3x10^17 - 8x10^14 Hz

27
Q

Give 4 uses of ULTRAVIOLET.

A
  1. Disco lights
  2. Tanning studios
  3. Counterfeit detection
  4. By detergents
28
Q

What is the range of Wavelength (m) of X-RAYS?

What is its range of Frequency (Hz)?

A

10^-12 - 10^-7 m

3x10^20 - 3x10^15 Hz

29
Q

Give 3 uses of X-Rays.

A
  1. Computer-aided tomography (CT) scans
  2. X-Ray Photography
  3. Crystal Structure Analysis
30
Q

What is the range of Wavelength (m) of GAMMA RAYS?

What is its range of Frequency (Hz)?

A

10^-16 - 10^-9 m

3x10^24 - 3x10^17 Hz

31
Q

Give 2 uses of Gamma Rays.

A
  1. DIAGNOSIS and CANCER treatment (radiotherapy)

2. STERILISING EQUIPMENT

OCR Physics AS Level (8 decks)

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