4.3.2 features used in classification Flashcards
biological definition of a species
a group of organisms that can freely interbreed to produce fertile offspring
why does the biological definition not apply to all species
does not apply to those who breed asexually
phylogentic definiton of a species
group of individual organisms that are very similar in appearance, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry & genetics
how did aristotle classify all living organisms & what groups were they in
either plant or animal & by similarities he observed
- live & move in water
- live & move on land
- move through the air
name the 5 different kingdoms
- prokaryote
- protoctista
- fungi
- plantae
- animalia
description of prokaryotes & example
- no nucleus
- loop of DNA not arranged in linear chromosomes
- naked DNA —> not associated with histone protiens
- no membrane-bound organelles
- smaller ribosomes
- cells smaller than eukaryotes
- may be free-living or parasitic
—> eg. bacteria
description of protoctista & example
- eukaryotic
- mostly single-celled (many algae are multicellular)
- wide variety of forms
- various plant-like/animal-like features
- mostly free-living
- autotrophic or heterotrophic nutrition
—> eg. paramecium
autotrophic nutrition
absorb simple molecules & build into larger organic molecules
eg. photosynthesis
heterotrophic nutrition
digest large organic molecules to form smaller molecules for absorption
eg. ingest prey
description of fungi & example
- eukaryotic
- can exist as single cells (yeasts) or have mycelium (consist of hyphae)
- walls of chitin
- cytoplasm is multinucleate
- mostly free-living & saprophytic (cause decay of organic matter)
—> eg. fungus
description of plantae & example
- eukaryotic
- multicellular
- cells surrounded by cellulose cell wall
- autotrophic
- contain chlorophyll
—> eg. bean seedling
description of animalia & example
- eukaryotic
- multicellular
- heterotrophic
- usually able to move around
—> eg. frog
