4.3 Coastal Landscapes Flashcards
4.3a) Name features of a Discordant coastline!
It has Headlands and Bays, and different types of soft and hard rock.
Name features of a Concordant coastline!
One rock type, straight coastline
Name the three different types of plate boundaries
Constructive, Destructive, and Conservative
Name a type of hard rock
Chalk, Limestone
Name a type of soft rock
Clay, Sands
How are arches formed?
Through erosion - erosion forms a cave in the cliff, which continues to erode until it becomes an arch.
4.3b) Where do the UK’s prevailing winds come from?
The Atlantic.
What are destructive waves?
Waves with a larger backwash and a smaller swash.
Define Mass Movement
Movements of large amounts of rocks or mud through erosion or other processes.
Name the 3 types of weathering.
Chemical, Biological, and Physical weathering.
What is the rock type like on a concordant coastline?
The rock type is all the same, with one type of hard rock running parallel to the coastline.
What features are found on a concordant coastline?
One rock type, usually hard rock. straight coast, parallel to the coast.
What is the rock type like on a Discordant coastline?
Varying between soft and hard rock in a pattern perpendicular to the coastline.
What features are found on a Discordant coastline?
Headlands and Bays, Arches, Stacks, Wave cut Platforms.
What is an example of both a Discordant and Concordant coastline?
Discordant: Swanage Bay
Concordant: Durlston Head
What are joints and faults? How do they effect Erosion?
Joints and faults are cracks in the rocks. They can effect erosion because they can lead to large chunks of rock breaking off.
What is the difference between Hard and Soft rock? Give examples.
Hard rock, e.g Limestone, is impermeable and takes time to erode, whereas Soft rock E.g Clay, Sands is permeable, and erodes quickly.
Describe what are the characteristics of headlands and bays?
Headlands are typically made of hard rock, and are elevated. Bays are typically made of soft rock, and have beaches.
4.3 B: What three factors effect wave energy?
how long the wind has been blowing
the strength of the wind
how far the wave has travelled (the fetch)
Where in the UK has the biggest waves, and why?
The South West because of waves from the Atlantic.
Describe the characteristics of a destructive wave?
High fetch, low wavelength, stronger backwash than swash.
4.3 C: Explain how LSD works
Longshore drift works when a wave comes into the coast at an angle. It is then reflected straight out. This process repeats, transporting sediment down the coastline.
Explain how a spit forms
LSD transports sediment past a bend and deposits it in the sea. This process continues until a spit is formed.
Explain how beaches form.
Beaches are formed when sediment is trapped in a bay, causing it to build up.
