424 Week 1 Concepts Flashcards
The variable that is systematically manipulated by the researcher in an experiment to see whether changes in the independent variable produce reliable changes in the dependent variable is _______.
Independent Variable
The simple, logical explanations must be ruled out, experimentally or conceptually, before more complex or abstract explanations are considered is ______.
Parsimony
Continually questioning the truth fullness and validity of all scientific theory and knowledge is ______.
Philosophica Doubt
Using the data from observation to make a conclusion that one thing may be related to another is ________.
Prediction
Ex. You observe that every time a child bites the teacher sits him down to talk to him. You might predict that the next time a child bites he will gain attention of the teacher.
A systematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge about the natural world is ______.
Science
Determinism, Empiricism, Experimentation, Replication, Parsimony, and Philosophic Doubt are ______.
The Six Attitudes of Science.
Description, Prediction, and Control are _________.
The three levels of scientific understanding.
A form of behaviorism that attempts to understand all human behavior including private events such as thought and feelings is ______.
Radical Behaviorism
Controlling variables in the study that are not the independent variable to determine functional relationships is ________.
Control
Ex. You perform an experiment where you have the teacher only give attention to positive behaviors to see if there is a functional relational between his biting and gaining attention that is reinforcing behavior.
The variable in the experiment measured to determine if it changes as a result of manipulations of the independent variable is the _______.
Dependent Variable
The assumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which phenomena occurs as a result of other events _______.
Determinism
A specific change in one event (dependent variable) can reliably be produced by specific manipulation of another event (the independent variable) and that the change in the dependent variable was unlikely to be the result of other extraneous factors is ______.
Functional Relation
A Science devoted to the understanding and improvement of human behavior is ___________.
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
The idea that peoples actions are the result of interior mental states which function independently of their environment is _____.
Mentalism
The since in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied to improve SOCIALLY SIGNIFICANT behavior and experimentation is used to indenting the variables responsible for the improvement in behavior is ________.
Applied Behavior Analysis
The philosophy of a science of behavior is ________.
Behaviorism
Obtaining information about a phenomenon through observation __________.
Description
The controlled comparison of some measure of phenomena of interest (dependent variable) under two or more different conditions in which only one factor at a time (independent variable) differs from one condition to another is ________.
Experimentation
What sets ABA apart from other sciences?
ABA focuses on socially significant behaviors.
Repeating the experiment (and the independent variable conditions within experiments) to determine the reliability and usefulness of the finding is ______.
Replication
The objective observation of the phenomena of????
Empiricism
We take what we learned from experimental analysis of behavior and we apply them to impact socially important behaviors is ______.
Applied Behavioral Analysis
Three criteria of science
Description
Prediction
Control
A is not causing B. Two things are just occurring at the same time is _______.
Correlation
Highest level if scientific understanding is _______.
Control
Determinism
The universe is a lawful and orderly place in which all phenomena occur as a result of other events.
Events do not occur at will.
We can predict behavior because behavior is already determined.
Empiricism
Object observation of phenomena of interest.
Define the behavior and agree what you are measuring.
Experimentation
Controlled comparison of some measure of phenomenon of interest (DV) under two or more different conditions in which only one factor at a time (IV) differs from one condition to another.
Replication
The repetition of experiments to determine the reliability and usefulness of findings.
Includes the repetition of the independent variable conditions within experiments.
Method for which mistakes are discovered.
Parsimony
The simplest most logical explanations much be ruled out before you go to the whack and crazy explanations for why behavior occurs.
Philosophical Doubt
No matter how well and intervention was done you must always question the truthfulness and validity and it’s not do to some confound we missed.
Science is
A systematic approach to understanding natural phenomena
Respondent behavior
Also called reflexive behavior is when an antecedent elicits a behavior.
ex. A light is flashed in your eye and your pupils dilate.
Always use ELICIT when talking about respondent behavior.
Respondent behavior is concerned with
eliciting reflexive behavior.
S-R behavior model.
Operant behavior
Control or evoking behavior is a function of what consequence follows.
The three term contingency
S-R-S model
-if the second S is a reinforcer then the behavior will increase. If it is a punisher the behavior will decrease.
Radical behaviorism
Attempts to explain all behavior, including private events (thinking and feeling)
Methodological behaviorism
You rely strictly on what you can see in the real world.
Mentalism
Relies on hypothetical contracts and explanatory fictions on why behavior occurs.
ex. Sally doesn’t interact with peers because she has low self-esteem.
What makes more sense with ABA is-Sally doesn’t interact with others because she finds the interaction punishing. Or Sally doesn’t know how to interest therefore she does not.
Circular Reasoning
Sally doesn’t interact with her peers because she has low self esteem. Sally has low self esteem because she does not interact with her peers.
Circular reasoning
Sally doesn’t interact with her peers because she has low self esteem. Sally has low self esteem because she does not interact with her peers.
It gets you nowhere.
Structuralism
Early form of ABA.
