Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Occupational Therapy > 423 final exam > Flashcards

423 final exam Flashcards

0
Q

What type of joint is the hip?

A

A multi axial ball and socket joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Structures that support the joints

A

Muscles
Ligaments
Bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the labrum?

A

Deepens and stabilizes the hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the general function of the iliofemoral ligament?

A

Extensive extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the general function of the ischiofemoral ligament?

A

Helps maintain stabilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the general function of the pubofemoral ligament?

A

Limits extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are risk factors for hip injuries?

A 
Age 
Impaired performance 
Use of adaptive equipment 
Fear
Bone weakness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stages of hip fractures

A 
Type 1 
    - a stable fracture with impaction in 
       valgus
Type 2 
    - complete but non-displaced 
Type 3 
    - partially displaced (often externally 
       rotated and angulated) with varus
       displacement but still has some 
       contact b/w the 2 fragments 
Type 4 
     - completely displaced and there is 
        no contact b/w the fracture 
        fragments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Types of hip fractures

A

Femoral neck
Intertrochanteric
Subtrochanteric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Femoral neck hip fractures

A 
Risk factors: 
    - female 
    - 60 years or older 
    - osteoporosis 
Complications: 
    - poor blood supply
    - thin periosteum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Intertrochanteric hip fractures

A

Between the greater and lesser trochanters

Usually occurs from direct trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Subtrochanteric hip fractures

A

Located 1 to 2 inches below the lesser trochanter
Most often in ppl over 60
Direct trauma
Fall or MVA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

NWB

A

Non-weight bearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TTWB

A

Toe touch weight bearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

PWB

A

Partial weight bearing

Often seen as 50% of weight can be placed on affected extremity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

WBAT

A

Weight bearing as tolerated

Uses pain as a guide for weight through the extremity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

FWB

A

Full weight bearing

Pt can fully bear weight through the affected extremity with no injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Total hip replacement precautions with posterior approach

A

Hip flexion > 90*

No crossing your legs (no adduction/internal rotation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Total hip replacement precautions for anterior approach

A

Do not step backward with surgical leg (no hip extension)

Do not allow surgical leg to externally rotate

Do not cross legs, use pillow between legs when rolling

Sleep on surgical side when side laying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Goals of therapy with THR

A

Maintain or increase ROM

Increase strength of musculature

Decrease edema

Educate on assistive/adaptive equipment and alternative/compensatory techniques

Increase independence with ADLs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Three bones of the pelvis

A

Ilium
Top 1/2 of pelvis; iliac crest

Pubis
Middle of the pubis

Ischium
Bottom of pelvis; forms lower and
back part of hip bone; below ilium

21
Q

Factors contributing to pelvic floor dysfunction

A 
MVA 
Back surgeries 
Hip surgeries 
Childbirth 
Muscle weakness/balance
22
Q

Therapy goals for pelvic injury

A

For any injury, surgery, or dysfunction, the overall goal for therapy is to improve function.

EDUCATION is the #1 thing you can do for your pt

23
Q

Name the 3 primary types of tissues that support the human spine

A

Muscles
Bones
Tendons

24
Q

List the 2 muscle groups that are most effective at stabilizing the lumbar spine

A

The multifidus

The transverse abdominus

25
Q

What is the strongest and safest position for the lumbar spine to function in?

A

Neutral position

26
Q

What interventions have strong research evidence that demonstrate a long term benefit for the tx of pts with low back pain?

A

Exercise
Manual therapy (stretching)
Education
Relaxation/stress management

27
Q

Ppl with osteoporosis should avoid what position of the spine? Why?

A 
Flexion of the spine 
Why? 
   Bones become weaker and easier 
   to fracture 
   Crush/wedge fractures, codfishing
28
Q

Ppl with spondylolisthesis should avoid what position of the spine? Why?

A

Extension of the trunk

Why?
To prevent further anterior slippage

29
Q

What percent of pts have positive findings for disc herniations on MRI?

A

53%

30
Q

What percent of disc herniations require surgical intervention?

A

0-5%

31
Q

What are potential “red flags” for lumbar radiculopathy?

A

Significant myotomal weakness

Numbness

Changes in bowel/bladder contol

32
Q

Surgical rates for lumbar fusions have increased by what percent from 2000-2010?

A

100%

33
Q

Stages of healing…

acute vs subacute vs settled vs chronic - when do we initiate exercise programs?

A

Acute (0-72 hrs)
Condition is getting worse

Subacute (72 hrs - 2 wks)
50% of healing has occurred

Settled (2-6 wks)
80% of healing is in 1st 6 wks

Chronic (12 wks or more)
100% of healing has occurred by
12-15 weeks

34
Q

Attitudes and beliefs about back pain

A

Belief that pain is harmful or disabling resulting in fear-avoidance behavior

Belief that all pain must be abolished before trying to return to work/normal activity

Passive attitude to rehabilitation

Avoid normal activity, progressive substitution of lifestyle away from productivity

35
Q

5 steps for a successful goniometric measurement

A

Position and stabilize

Move body part thru ROM

Determine the end feel

Find bony landmarks & line up goni

Read & record the measurement

36
Q

What is end feel?

A

The barrier to further motion at the end of a passive ROM

37
Q

Soft end feel

A

Structure
Soft tissue approximation
Ex: elbow/knee flexion

38
Q

Firm end feel

A 
Structures: 
     Muscular stretch 
         Ex: hip flexion 
     Capsular stretch
         Ex: MCP extension 
     Ligamentous stretch 
         Ex: forearm supination
39
Q

Hard end feel

A

Structure:
Bone on bone
Ex: elbow extension

40
Q

Factors impacting the amount of tension generated during MMT

A

of firing rate of motor units activated

Length of muscle fiber at time of contraction

Muscle cross-sectional area

Fiber type

Point of application of resistance

Stabilization techniques used

Motivation of the pt

41
Q

Intra-rater reliability, inter-rater reliability and their relationship to MMT and goniometric measurements

A

Intra: when diff ppl take measurements

Inter: when same person takes measurements (on same pt)

Better consistency with measurements when taken by the same person; they know where they measured last time

42
Q

Planes of motion

A

Sagittal plane

Frontal plane

Transverse plane

43
Q

How the sagittal plane divides the body and its axis

A

Right and left halves

Medial-lateral axis

44
Q

How the frontal plane divides the body and its axis

A

Front and back halves

Anterior-posterior axis

45
Q

How the transverse plane divides the body and its axis

A

Top and bottom halves

Ventrical axis

46
Q

Reasons behind use of MMT and goniometric measurements in clinical practice

A

They allow the practitioner to assess the available motion at the joint

MMTs measure muscle strength - the ability of the muscle to develop tension against resistance

47
Q

AROM measurements

A

The amount of joint motion attained by a subject during unassisted voluntary joint motion

Info they provide the clinician: 
     Willingness to move 
     Coordination 
     Muscle strength 
     Available joint ROM
48
Q

Shoulder flexion/extension

A

POM: sagittal plane

COR: acromion process

SA: midline of thorax

MA: lateral epicondyle of humerus

EF: extension - firm

ROM: flexion - 150-180
extension - 50-60

49
Q

Shoulder abduction

A

POM: frontal plane

COR: acromion process

SA: parallel to sternum

MA: midline of humerus

EF: firm

ROM: 180

50
Q

Shoulder IR/ER

A

POM: transverse plane

COR: olecranon process

SA: perpendicular to floor

MA: ulna, including ulnar styloid proces

EF: IR - firm
ER - firm

ROM: IR - 70-90
ER - 90

51
Q

Elbow flexion/extension

A

POM: sagittal plane

COR: lateral epicondyle of humerus

SA: lateral midline of humerus

MA: lateral midline of radius

EF: flexion - soft
extension - hard

ROM: flexion - 140-150
extension - 0

Occupational Therapy (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions