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Social > 423-430 > Flashcards

423-430 Flashcards

1
Q

Wrote ‘The Prince’

A

Niccolò Machiavelli

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2
Q

One of the most influential works on political power in the Western World

A

The Prince

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3
Q

Also shared the ideas of Machiavelli, a thousand years earlier, in his treatise on politics, the Arthasastra

A

Kautilya

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4
Q

Examples of ‘New Monarchies’

A

France, England and Spain

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5
Q

Commercial and military alliance in North German coastal towns, rival of Venice

A

Hanseatic League

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6
Q

One of the three estates of society, who grounded that people should be guided by spiritual ends.

A

The first estate/the clergy

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7
Q

One of the three estates of society, provided security and justice for society.

A

The second estate/nobility

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8
Q

One of the three estates of society, peasants and inhabitants who relied on the nobility

A

Third estate

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9
Q

The year when many slaves in western European slaves were becoming legally free.

A

1500

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10
Q

Why were peasants moved to support religious reform movements?

A

Their grievances as peasants, they were being abused-ish

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11
Q

Top of urban society whose wealth from capitalistic enterprises in trade, industry and banking enabled them to dominate society politically, socially and economically

A

Patricians

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12
Q

Shopkeepers, artisans, guild-masters and guildsmen that were below the patricians

A

Petty burghers

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13
Q

Earned pitiful wages, unemployed, and were often led to support radical religious reforms. They were below the petty burghers.

A

Propertyless workers

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14
Q

Who made Gutenburg’s Bible?

A

Johannes Gutenburg of Mainz

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15
Q

The first book printed by movable metal type

A

Gutenburg’s Bible

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16
Q

Their major goal was the reform of Christianity

A

Christian Humanism/Northern Renaissance Humanism

17
Q

Formulated and popularized the reform program of Christian Humanism and called his conception of religion “the Philosophy of Christ”

A

Desiderius Erasmus

18
Q

A conception that emphasizes about the direction of daily life rather than the system of dogmatic beliefs and inner piety

A

The Philosophy of Christ

19
Q

A series of popes that failed to meet the church’s spiritual needs, and were often too involved in worldly concerns.

A

Renaissance Popes

20
Q

A “warrior pope” that led his armies into battle

A

Julius II

21
Q

These are bones or other objects intimately associated with saints, and were collected by the people to have certainty of salvation

A

Relics

22
Q

Elector of Saxony, and Martin Luther’s prince, who amassed nearly 19,000 relics that attached indulgences that could reduce a person’s time in purgatory by nearly 2 million years

A

Frederick the Wise

23
Q

A remission, after death, of all or part of the punishment due to sin

A

Indulgence

24
Q

A popular mystical movement that downplayed religious dogma and stressed the need to follow the teachings of Jesus’

A

Modern Devotion

25
Q

A monk and a professor at the University of Wittenburg, where he lectured about the Bible

A

Martin Luther

26
Q

Became the primary doctrine of the Protestant Reformation

A

Doctrine of salvation stating that we go to heaven because of faith, not good deeds

27
Q

A monk who hawked indulgences with the slogan ‘as soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory sings’

A

Johann Tetzel

28
Q

Martin Luther’s stunning indictment of the abuses in the sale of indulgences

A

The Ninety-Five Theses

29
Q

Who did Martin Luther call on to overthrow papacy in Germany and establish a reformed Germany and establish a reformed German Church

A

German Princes

30
Q

What did the Church to Martin Luther in January 1521?

A

They excommunicated him

31
Q

The imperial diet of the Holy Roman Empire

A

Reichstag

32
Q

Convened the newly elected Reichstag

A

Emperor Charles V

33
Q

Luther’s ruler that stepped in to protect him from imprisonment

A

Elector Frederick of Saxony

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