423-430 Flashcards
Wrote ‘The Prince’
Niccolò Machiavelli
One of the most influential works on political power in the Western World
The Prince
Also shared the ideas of Machiavelli, a thousand years earlier, in his treatise on politics, the Arthasastra
Kautilya
Examples of ‘New Monarchies’
France, England and Spain
Commercial and military alliance in North German coastal towns, rival of Venice
Hanseatic League
One of the three estates of society, who grounded that people should be guided by spiritual ends.
The first estate/the clergy
One of the three estates of society, provided security and justice for society.
The second estate/nobility
One of the three estates of society, peasants and inhabitants who relied on the nobility
Third estate
The year when many slaves in western European slaves were becoming legally free.
1500
Why were peasants moved to support religious reform movements?
Their grievances as peasants, they were being abused-ish
Top of urban society whose wealth from capitalistic enterprises in trade, industry and banking enabled them to dominate society politically, socially and economically
Patricians
Shopkeepers, artisans, guild-masters and guildsmen that were below the patricians
Petty burghers
Earned pitiful wages, unemployed, and were often led to support radical religious reforms. They were below the petty burghers.
Propertyless workers
Who made Gutenburg’s Bible?
Johannes Gutenburg of Mainz
The first book printed by movable metal type
Gutenburg’s Bible
Their major goal was the reform of Christianity
Christian Humanism/Northern Renaissance Humanism
Formulated and popularized the reform program of Christian Humanism and called his conception of religion “the Philosophy of Christ”
Desiderius Erasmus
A conception that emphasizes about the direction of daily life rather than the system of dogmatic beliefs and inner piety
The Philosophy of Christ
A series of popes that failed to meet the church’s spiritual needs, and were often too involved in worldly concerns.
Renaissance Popes
A “warrior pope” that led his armies into battle
Julius II
These are bones or other objects intimately associated with saints, and were collected by the people to have certainty of salvation
Relics
Elector of Saxony, and Martin Luther’s prince, who amassed nearly 19,000 relics that attached indulgences that could reduce a person’s time in purgatory by nearly 2 million years
Frederick the Wise
A remission, after death, of all or part of the punishment due to sin
Indulgence
A popular mystical movement that downplayed religious dogma and stressed the need to follow the teachings of Jesus’
Modern Devotion
