4.2.2- Haloalkanes Flashcards
What bonds do haloalkanes contain?
Polar bonds
What is the trend of electro negativity down the group of halogens?
Decreased down the group
Why are carbon fluorine bonds smaller?
They have increased polarity and are shorter
How does the rate of reaction change for haloalkanes as you go down the group?
Increases down the group due to greater mr so lower bond enthalpy
How do you produce alcohols from haloalkanes?
Add an aqueous alkali, like NaOH
How do you produce alkenes from haloalkanes?
Add ethanolic potassium hydroxide (KOH) for an elimination reaction
How do haloalkanes react with silver nitrate?
They can be broken down with aqueous silver nitrate and ethanol to form an alcohol and release halide ions which react with the silver ions to produce precipitates
What does it mean if a precipitate forms faster?
The haloalkane is less stable so is more quickly hydrolysed
What does reactivity depend on?
The strength of the C-X bond
What is a nucleophile?
Electron pair donor
What are the environmental concerns about haloalkanes?
UV radiation in the upper atmosphere can cause CFCs to produce halogen radicals which catalyse the breakdown of the earths ozone layer
What can a small amount of CFC released do?
Cause a big problem as it is regenerated in the propagation step
