4.2.2 Haloalkanes Flashcards
What are haloalkanes?
Saturated organic compounds that contain carbon atoms and at least one halogen atoms
Are halogenoalkanes soluble in water?
Insoluble as C-H bonds are non-polar, not compensated for enough by C-X bond polarity
Do halogenoalkanes have a polar bond?
Why?
Yes polar
Halogen has a higher electronegativity than C
Halogen is delta negative
Carbon is delta positive
What type of intermolecular forces do haloalkanes have?
Why?
Permanent dipole-dipole
And
London forces
C-X bond polarity creates permanent dipoles
When would they have higher boiling points?
Increase carbon chain length
Halogen further down group 7
How would the mass of a haloalkane compare with the mass of an alkane of the same chian length?
Greater
because mass of halogen > mass of H
What is the most important factor in determining halogen reactiivty?
The strength of carbon- halogen bond
What would bond polarity suggest the order of reactivity would be?
C-F would be the most reactive as it is the most polar bond
What would bond enthalpies suggest the order of reactivity would be?
C-I would be the most reactive as it has the lowest bond enthalpy
What is a primary halogen?
The halogen atom is present at the end of the chain
Define nucleophile
electron pair donor
Give 3 examples of nucleophiles
OH-
CN-
NH3
What is nucleophillic substitution
A reaction where a nucleophile donates a lone pair of electrons to delta + C atom, delta negative atom leaves the molecule (replaced by nucleophiles)
What is hydrolysis?
A reaction where water is a reactant
What reactant often produces hydroxide ions for hydrolysis?
Water
