4.2.2 Flashcards
What is classification?
The process by which living organisms are sorted into groups
What are the groups in the hierarchy of classification called?
Taxonomic groups
What is the order of the different taxa?
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Why is classification used?
To identify species, to predict characteristics, and to find evolutionary links
What is the advantage of a single classification system?
Scientists worldwide can share their research and the names are not translated differently in different languages, rather only Latin is used
What are the three domains?
Archae, Bacteria, and Eukarya
What is a species?
A group of organisms that are able to reproduce to produce fertile offspring
What are the 6 kingdoms?
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protoctista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia
What is the difference between Eubacteria and Archaebacteria?
Archaebacteria generally live in extreme environments and are known as ancient bacteria. while Eubacteria are found in all environments and are known as true bacteria
What is phylogeny?
The study of evolutionary relationships between organisms
What are examples of sources of evidence for evolution?
Palaeontology, comparative anatomy, and comparative biochemistry
In comparative biochemistry, what is a substance that is often compared between organisms due to its high prevalence?
Cytochrome C
What are the two types of variation?
Interspecific and intraspecific
What are the two factors that cause variation?
Genetics and the environment
Give examples of causes for genetic variation
Alleles, mutations, meiosis, sexual reproduction, chance (random fertilisation)
What are adaptations?
Characteristics that increase an organism’s chance of survival and reproduction in its environment.
What are the three main types of adaptations?
Anatomical, behavioural, physiological
What are anatomical adaptations?
Physical features
What are behavioural adaptations?
The way an organism acts. These can be inherited or learned behaviours
What are physiological adaptations?
Processes that take place inside an organism
