4.2.1 Alcohols Flashcards

1
Q

Functional Group of Alcohols

A

-OH (hydroxyl group)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Polarity of alcohols

A

O-H bond on alcohols is polar O is slightly negative while H is slightly positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why do alcohols have a high bp/mp than alkanes of a similar Mr?

A

Hydrogen bonding

OH group allows to form h-bonds with other alcohol molecules (strong IM forces)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why do alcohols have a low volatility?

A

due to h-bonds, strong IM force so more energy needed to separate molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Solubility of Alcohols in water

A

are able to form h-bonds due to polarity in hydroxyl group so are soluble in water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

solubility of alcohols in water and chain length

A

the longer the chain, the less soluble in water as only O-H group forms hydrogen bonds, the rest of the chain prefer to form london forces. Sometimes chain length can interfere with h-bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Classification of Alcohols

A

Primary Alcohols -> carbon with hydroxyl group is directly bonded to 1 other Carbon

Secondary Alcohols -> carbon with hydroxyl group is directly bonded to 2 other Carbons

Tertiary Alcohols-> carbon with hydroxyl group is directly bonded to 3 other Carbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Oxidation of alcohols experiment observations

A

Orange to Green when the alcohol is oxidised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Oxidation of alcohols conditions

A

ACIDIFIED potassium dichromate and heat and reflux/ continuous distillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens when an organic substance is oxidised?

A

take away 2H

add O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is acidified potassium dichromate a good oxidising agent?

A

Chromium has a very high oxidation number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Oxidising Alcohols products

A

primary- aldehyde (distillation) - carboxylic acid (reflux)
secondary- ketone (refulx)
tertiary- No Reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

First oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols (process)

A

remove 2Hs, one from OH group, the other from the carbon containing hydroxyl group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why don’t tertiary alcohols oxidise?

A

there is no H on the Carbon with the OH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Elimination of H2O process (Dehydration)

A

Take H off OH group and one from H next carbon next to hydroxyl group (can result in a mixture of products)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dehydration conditions

A

Acid catalyst ( concentrated H3PO4/ H2SO4)
Heat
under Reflux

17
Q

General dehydration equation

A

Alcohol -> alkene + H2O

18
Q

Substitution with halide ion process

A

swap OH for halogen

19
Q

Substitution with halide ion conditions

A

react alcohol with acid and halide ion (NaBr/H2SO4)