4.2.1 Alcohols

Question 1

are alcohols polar or non-polar?

Answer 1

polar (there is a large difference in electronegativity between O and C

Question 2

are alcohols water soluble or non-soluble?

Answer 2

soluble

Question 3

why are alcohols water soluble?

Answer 3

the O is very electronegative and can hydrogen bond to water molecules

Question 4

what are alcohols?

Answer 4

organic compounds that contain hydroxyl groups (OH)

Question 5

what is the general formula for alcohols?

Answer 5

CnH2n+1OH

Question 6

what are the two main methods of producing alcohols?

Answer 6

fermentation and hydration

Question 7

how are alcohols classified?

Answer 7

primary, secondary and tertiary

Question 8

what is a primary alcohol?

Answer 8

the C atom the OH is bonded to, is bonded to one other C

Question 9

what is a secondary alcohol?

Answer 9

the C atom the OH is bonded to, is bonded to 2 other C

Question 10

what is a tertiary alcohol?

Answer 10

the C atom the OH is bonded to, is bonded to to 3 other C

Question 11

are alcohols more or less volatile than alkanes?

Answer 11

far less

Question 12

why are alcohols less volatile than alkanes?

Answer 12

alkanes only have London forces whereas alcohols have hydrogen bonds too
hydrogen bonds require much more energy to break than London forces

Question 13

alcohols + oxygen —>
complete combustion

Answer 13

carbon dioxide + water (+energy)

Question 14

are alcohols good fuels?

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

why are alcohols good fuels?

Answer 15

when they are completely combusted, they release lots of energy

Question 16

alcohols + halogenating agent—->

Answer 16

haloalkane

Question 17

what is the name of the reaction when a alcohol becomes a haloalkane?

Answer 17

nu