4.2 Physical And Human Processes On The UK Landscape Flashcards
Upland Weathering
Mechanical weathering:
- freeze thaw
Aeolian weathering:
- precipitation
Lowland Weathering
Chemical Weathering:
- acidic rain on calcium carbonates
- pollutants and chemicals in soil
Biological Weathering:
- plant roots
- animal burrows
Upland slope processes
Rockfalls / landslides - bedding planes or joints slide, moving in mass the debris, rock and scree (created by weathering) down the hill sides
Lowland slope processes
Soil Creep - slowly, wet, saturated, weathered soil is moved downhill by gravity, which builds terracettes
Misfit rivers and ribbon lakes
Form in uplands, where residue water from melted glaciers and precipitation fills up U-shaped valleys created by glaciers. They are on the surface due to non-permeable rock types and deposit alluvium in the valleys
Dry valleys
A valley made of a permeable rock, that does not sustain a surface water flow, because it sinks into the porous rock. Formed when there was an unusually high water table, or in an ice age, when water could not sink into the rock as permafrost had made it impermeable
2 human effects on upland landscapes
Agriculture- sheep farming - deforestation, stone wall and barn building, flooding, higher rivers, increased surface run off, economic benefit, influences culture, provides jobs
Forestry- deforestation and afforestation - non native tree plantations, change in ecosystems, economic value of forested wood, increase in trees
2 human effects on lowland landscapes
Agriculture- arable crop farming - hedgerows/wildlife corridors, shrub encroachment , chemical poisoning, buildings, ditches, economic value, jobs, fertilisation, divided fields
Settlements- urban areas- spring line settlements, development /buildings, pollution, deforestation, non fitting rocks, destroyed ecosystems, economic value, jobs, housing
