4.2 Hepatitis

Question 1

What does hepatitis mean?

Answer 1

Hepat/o = liver
-itis = inflammation 

Inflammation of the liver

Question 2

What are the primary cause of chronic liver disease?

Answer 2

hep b/c and alcohol

Question 3

What causes hepatitis?

Answer 3

Viral infections

Question 4

What typically causes the signs and symptoms of the liver problems?

Answer 4

Liver unable to breakdown products of erythrocytes, which causes an increase in bilirubin in blood

Question 5

What does a excess bilirubin cause in urine?

Answer 5

It turns it dark amber

Question 6

What does a excess bilirubin cause in feces?

Answer 6

It turns it pale

Question 7

What does a excess bilirubin cause?

Answer 7

Jaundice in eyes and skin (even the brain)

Question 8

What types of hepatitis are there?

Answer 8

• a, b, c, d and e

Question 9

What type of hepatitis can you get from eating contaminated food?

Answer 9

Hep a and hep e

Question 10

Which types of hepatitis can you get from blood and other bodily fluids?

Answer 10

Hep b, c and d

Question 11

Does the hep a virus have an envelope?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

Where do you find hep a viruses replicating?

Answer 12

In the epithelial lining of the oral cavity and intestines

Question 13

What is the flow of hep a?

Answer 13

• ingested
• replicate in epithelial cells in oral cavity and intestines
• enters the circulatory system
• enters the liver and replicates in liver cells
• the bile leaving the liver will carry HAV to intestines

Question 14

What is the incubation period for hep a?

Answer 14

15-50 days

Question 15

When do symptoms of hep a usually evident?

Answer 15

2 weeks after exposure

Question 16

Do most of the people infected with hep a recover with no evidence of liver damage?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

Are there any evidence of chronic carriers for hep a?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

Is replication of HBV fast or slow?

Answer 18

It’s slow therefore, it has a long incubation period

Question 19

What are some features of the HBV?

Answer 19

It’s enveloped with spikes and has a nucleic core

Question 20

What are the three antigenic areas on a viral particle?

Answer 20

1. Hep b surface antigen
2. Core antigen
3. “e” antigen
   * *these are all part of the protein coat that surrounds nucleic acid

Question 21

During the active stage of HBV infection, what bodily fluids contain HBV?

Answer 21

Blood, salvia, spinal fluid, tears, urine, semen, vaginal secretion and mothers milk

Question 22

What is considered the active stage of HBV?

Answer 22

When it’s actively replicating in the liver

Question 23

What are the three types of infections associated with HBV?

Answer 23

1. Asymptomatic (most people; 60-70%)
2. Symptomatic
3. Fulminant

Question 24

What is fulminant infection?

Answer 24

rapid, sudden and severe

Question 25

When do symptoms show for HBV?

Answer 25

2 weeks - 6 months

Question 26

What’s the average incubation period for HBV?

Answer 26

3 months