4.2 Connective Tissue

Question 1

Connective Tissue:
Uses
Characteristics
Types
Types of fibers

Answer 1

• bind structures; support and protection; fills spaces; produces blood cells; stores fat
• widely separated (by a nonliving matrix) which is:
  
  • composed of organic ground substance
  • contains fibers
  • solid to semifluid to completely fluid
  • gives connective tissues its properties
• types: connective tissue proper, cartilage, blood, bone
• Fibers: Collagen, elastic, reticular

Question 2

Collagen fibers

Answer 2

Contains protein collagen, gives flexibility and strength

Question 3

Elastic fibers

Answer 3

Contains protein elastin, not as strong as collagen but more elastic

Question 4

Reticular fibers

Answer 4

Thin, highly branched, collagenous fibers that form delicate supporting networks

Question 5

Connective tissue proper

Answer 5

Loose connective tissue
dense connective tissue

Question 6

Loose connective tissue

Answer 6

• loose arrangement of cells and fibers
• fewer cells and fibers
• 3 kinds: areolar, reticular; adipose

Question 7

Alreolar loose connective tissue

Answer 7

• Lies between other tissues and organs; binds them together
• find, spider-web like appearance
• cells are fibroblasts (large, star-shaped cells thet produce extracellular fibers)
• matrix of jelly-like ground substance and collagen and elastic fibers

Question 8

Adipose loose connective tissue

Answer 8

• fibroblasts enlarge and store fat
• limited extracellular mix
• protects and cushions organs (eye; kidney)
• stores energy and insulates body

Question 9

Reticular loose connective tissue

Answer 9

• matrix contains only reticular fibers
• white blood cells scattered
• also called lymphatic tissue
• found in organs that defend the body against infections
• store/ produce white blood cells; immune system
• red bone marrow; lymph nodes; thymus; spleen

Question 10

Dense connective tissue

Answer 10

• more protein fibers than loose
• protein fibers are produced by fibroblasts and co mposed of collagen
  3 kinds: regular, irregular, elastic

Question 11

regular dense connective tissue

Answer 11

• binds organs
• found in tendons (m-b); ligaments (b-b), aponeuroses (m-m)
• fiber bundles are wide and travel in parallel; fibroblasts between bundels

Question 12

irregular dense connective tissue

Answer 12

• fiber bundles travel in opposite directions (collagen)
• inner portions of skin (dermis); joint capsules
• prevents overexpansion

Question 13

Elastic dense connective tissue

Answer 13

• elastic fibers
• walls of arteries and vocal cords
• fibroblast cells

Question 14

Cartilage

Answer 14

• cells: chondrocytes (in small chambers called lacunae)
• solid yet flexible matrix
• chondroblasts - immature chondrocytes - help cartilage grow
• no direct blood supply so it heals slowly
• classified on fibers in matrix: hyaline; elastic; fibro

Question 15

hyaline cartilage

Answer 15

• most common
• strong, durable, flexible
• matrix: fine collagen fibers, glassy white and opaque
• nose; end of long bones and ribs; rings of trachea; fetal skeleton

Question 16

Elastic cartilage

Answer 16

• matrix: elastic fibers, collagen fibers
• more flexible than hyaline
• outer ear

Question 17

Fibrocartilage

Answer 17

• matrix: strong collagen fibers
• absorbs shock; withstands tensions and pressure
• vertebrae disks; knee joint

Question 18

Bone

Answer 18

• cells: osteoblasts and osteocytes
• rigid; elasticity and strength
• matrix: mineral salts, calcium salts, collagen fibers
• types: compact and spongy

Question 19

Compact bone

Answer 19

• found in outer portions of long bones
• cylindrical units (osteons)
• matrix deposited in thin layers (lamellae) - form a concentric pattern around tiny tubes (central canals)
• canals contain nerve fibers and blood vessels - bring nutrients to bone cells (osteocytes)(located in lacunae- small hollows)
• nutrients reach all cells with minute canals (canaliculi) - contain thin extensions of osteocytes and connect osteocytes with one another and with central canals

Question 20

spongy bone

Answer 20

• ends of long bone
• has plates called trabeculae separated by irregular spaces
• strength, forms blood cells (from red marrow)

Question 21

blood

Answer 21

• composed of formed elements: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
• red bc (erythrocytes) - carry oxygen
• white bc (leukocytes) - fight infections
• platelets (thrombocytes) - part of megakaryocytes, blood clotting
• liquid matrix: plasma
• red bone marrow stem cells divide and make blood cells