4.1.1Atoms,Elements and compounds Flashcards
What is an atom
Atoms are the building blocks of all matter.The smallest particles
What do atoms combine to make
Compounds
What is the charge of a proton
Protons have a charge of +1
What is the charge of an electron
Electrons have a charge of -1
What is the charge of a neutrons
Neutrons have a charge of 0 they have no charge
What are compounds made up of
atoms of different elements
What is the mass number of an atom
The mass number of an atom aka the relative mass is the total number of protons and neutrons an atom has in its nucleus
What is the atomic number
The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons
What is the number of electrons in an atom
The number of protons(the atomic number)
What is a mixture
A mixture is 2 or more substances that haven’t been chemically combined
What happens to the chemical properties in a mixture?
The chemical properties of substances in a mixture don’t change when they have been mixed with another substance
What are some examples of mixtures
- Air- is a mixture of gases including oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide
- A bowl with both pasta and vegetables is a mixture as there is no chemical reactions between the veg and pasta* don’t ask me it’s whT seneca says 🙇🏾♀️
How does filtration separate a mixture
Filtration separate mixtures of insoluble solids and liquids
You can filter a mixture by pouring the mixture through filter paper:
-The insoluble solid is trapped
- The liquid runs through the paper and is collected below
How can you separate mixtures
Substances in a mixture can be separated using physical processes *Physical separation processes do NOT create new chemical substances
How is crystallisation used to separate mixtures
Crystallisation separates solutions into their different parts
- Dissolved solids (solutes)
- Liquids (solvents)
To complete crystallisation:
-Heat the mixture so the solvent evaporates.
-Eventually, crystals of the solute (dissolved solids) will form.
-We can collect the solvent (liquid) by condensing it as it evaporates
How is chromatography used to separate mixtures
Chromatography separates solutions with a number of different solutes (solids) in the solvent (liquid).
How to complete chromatography:
-Place a drop of the solution to be separated near the bottom of a piece of chromatography paper
-Dip the very bottom of the paper into a suitable solvent e.g. water
-The solvent (liquid) moves up the paper and carries the solutes (solids) in the solution with it
Different solutes (solids) move at different speeds so they separate on the paper.
How is simple distillation used to separate mixtures
Simple distillation separates 2 liquids with different boiling points.
To complete simple distillation:
- Heat the mixture until the liquid with the lower boiling point starts to boil.
-The vapour released passes through a condenser
~The gas cools in the condenser and the gas cools back into liquid
Simple distillation can also separate a solute from a solvent, when the solvent has a lower boiling point than the solute.
How is fractional distillation used to separate mixtures
Fractional distillation separates lots of liquids with different boiling points.
To complete fractional distillation:
-Slowly heat the mixture until the liquid with the lowest boiling point boils and then condenses
-Increase temperature slowly to boil then condense the other liquids.
What are the five physical separation techniques for mixtures
Filtration Crystallisation Chromatography Simple distillation Fractional distillation
What is an isotope
Isotopes are atoms of the same wow my that have the same number of protons but a different neutrons
What are hydrogens 3 different isotopes
Protium
Deuterium
Tritium
What is protium
Protium is a hydrogen atom with 1 proton and 0 neutrons. 99.98% of all hydrogen atoms are protium
Protium is used in hydrogen fuel cells and in the production of plastics
What is deuterium
Deuterium is a hydrogen atom with Q proton and 1 neutron.
Around 0,02% of hydrogen atoms are deuterium.
Deuterium is used in nuclear fusion.
What is tritium
Tritium is as very rare hydrogen atom that has 1 proton and 2 neutrons.
Tritium is used in thermonuclear fusion weapons.
