4.1.1Atoms,Elements and compounds

Question 1

What is an atom

Answer 1

Atoms are the building blocks of all matter.The smallest particles

Question 2

What do atoms combine to make

Answer 2

Compounds

Question 3

What is the charge of a proton

Answer 3

Protons have a charge of +1

Question 4

What is the charge of an electron

Answer 4

Electrons have a charge of -1

Question 5

What is the charge of a neutrons

Answer 5

Neutrons have a charge of 0 they have no charge

Question 6

What are compounds made up of

Answer 6

atoms of different elements

Question 7

What is the mass number of an atom

Answer 7

The mass number of an atom aka the relative mass is the total number of protons and neutrons an atom has in its nucleus

Question 8

What is the atomic number

Answer 8

The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons

Question 9

What is the number of electrons in an atom

Answer 9

The number of protons(the atomic number)

Question 10

What is a mixture

Answer 10

A mixture is 2 or more substances that haven’t been chemically combined

Question 11

What happens to the chemical properties in a mixture?

Answer 11

The chemical properties of substances in a mixture don’t change when they have been mixed with another substance

Question 12

What are some examples of mixtures

Answer 12

1. Air- is a mixture of gases including oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide
2. A bowl with both pasta and vegetables is a mixture as there is no chemical reactions between the veg and pasta* don’t ask me it’s whT seneca says 🙇🏾‍♀️

Question 13

How does filtration separate a mixture

Answer 13

Filtration separate mixtures of insoluble solids and liquids
You can filter a mixture by pouring the mixture through filter paper:
-The insoluble solid is trapped
- The liquid runs through the paper and is collected below

Question 14

How can you separate mixtures

Answer 14

Substances in a mixture can be separated using physical processes *Physical separation processes do NOT create new chemical substances

Question 15

How is crystallisation used to separate mixtures

Answer 15

Crystallisation separates solutions into their different parts
- Dissolved solids (solutes)
- Liquids (solvents)
To complete crystallisation:
-Heat the mixture so the solvent evaporates.
-Eventually, crystals of the solute (dissolved solids) will form.
-We can collect the solvent (liquid) by condensing it as it evaporates

Question 16

How is chromatography used to separate mixtures

Answer 16

Chromatography separates solutions with a number of different solutes (solids) in the solvent (liquid).
How to complete chromatography:
-Place a drop of the solution to be separated near the bottom of a piece of chromatography paper
-Dip the very bottom of the paper into a suitable solvent e.g. water
-The solvent (liquid) moves up the paper and carries the solutes (solids) in the solution with it
Different solutes (solids) move at different speeds so they separate on the paper.

Question 17

How is simple distillation used to separate mixtures

Answer 17

Simple distillation separates 2 liquids with different boiling points.
To complete simple distillation:
- Heat the mixture until the liquid with the lower boiling point starts to boil.
-The vapour released passes through a condenser
~The gas cools in the condenser and the gas cools back into liquid
Simple distillation can also separate a solute from a solvent, when the solvent has a lower boiling point than the solute.

Question 18

How is fractional distillation used to separate mixtures

Answer 18

Fractional distillation separates lots of liquids with different boiling points.
To complete fractional distillation:
-Slowly heat the mixture until the liquid with the lowest boiling point boils and then condenses
-Increase temperature slowly to boil then condense the other liquids.

Question 19

What are the five physical separation techniques for mixtures

Answer 19

Filtration 
Crystallisation 
Chromatography 
Simple distillation 
Fractional distillation

Question 20

What is an isotope

Answer 20

Isotopes are atoms of the same wow my that have the same number of protons but a different neutrons

Question 21

What are hydrogens 3 different isotopes

Answer 21

Protium
Deuterium
Tritium

Question 22

What is protium

Answer 22

Protium is a hydrogen atom with 1 proton and 0 neutrons. 99.98% of all hydrogen atoms are protium
Protium is used in hydrogen fuel cells and in the production of plastics

Question 23

What is deuterium

Answer 23

Deuterium is a hydrogen atom with Q proton and 1 neutron.
Around 0,02% of hydrogen atoms are deuterium.
Deuterium is used in nuclear fusion.

Question 24

What is tritium

Answer 24

Tritium is as very rare hydrogen atom that has 1 proton and 2 neutrons.
Tritium is used in thermonuclear fusion weapons.