4.1.1.3 Isomerism Flashcards
Definition of a structural Isomers
They are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
What are the three ways that structural isomers can happen
> Alkyl groups are in different places
The functional group can be bonded to different parts of the parent chain
The functional group can be different
What is a stereoisomers?
They are organic compounds with the same molecular formula and structural formula but having different arrangements of atoms in space
What is a cis - trans isomerism
Its a type of E/Z isomerism in which the two substituent groups attached to both carbon atoms of the c+c bond are the same
What is a e/z isomerism?
Its a type of stereoisomerism caused by the restricted rotation around the double bond- two different groups are attached to both carbon atoms of the C=C double bond
What are the groups on the both sides called?
Substituents
groups on the same?
Cis/ Z
Groups on opposite?
Trans / E
Definition of a ho-molytic fission?
The breaking of a covalent bond where each of the bonded atoms takes one electron from the bond to form radicals
What does Ho-molytic fission generate?
It generates two highly reactive, neutral species called radicals
Definition of radicals
Radicals are species with one or more unpaired electrons
Definition of heterolytic fission
heterolytic fission is the breaking of a covalent bond where one of the bonding atom takes both electron from the bond to form ions
When does heterolytic fission occur?
When covalent bond breaks and both electrons go to one of the bonded atoms.
What does heterolytic fission result?
In a positive ion (cation) and negative ion (anion) being formed
What do curly arrows show?
Curly arrows model the flow of electron pairs during the mechanism
