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Biology
> 4.1.13 Autoimmune Diseases > Flashcards
4.1.13 Autoimmune Diseases Flashcards
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AP® Biology
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Biology 101
flashcards
Biology
(109 decks)
2.1.1 Studying Cells
2.1.2 Using A Microscopes
2.1.3 Drawing Cells
2.1.4 Magnification And Resolution
2.1.5 Eukaryotic Cells
2.1.6 Eukarytoic Cells Under The Microscope
2.1.7 Organelles & The Production Of Proteins
2.1.8 The Cytoskeleton
2.1.9 Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells
2.2.1 Properties Of Water
2.2.2 Monomers & Polymers
2.2.3 Monosaccharides
2.2.4 The Glycosidic Bond
2.2.5 Polysaccharides
2.2.6 Biochemical Tests: Reducing Sugars & Starch
2.2.7 Lipids & Ester Bonds
2.2.8 Lipids: Strucure & Functions
2.2.9 Biochemical Tests: Lipids
2.2.10 Amino Acids & Peptide Bonds
2.2.11 Protein: Strucutre
2.2.12 Globular Proteins
2.2.13 Fibrous Proteins
2.2.14 Inorganic Ions
2.2.15 Biochemical Tests: Proteins
2.2.16 Finding The Concentration Of A Substance
2.2.17 Chromatography
2.3.1 Nucleotides & Phosphodiester Bonds
2.3.2 Phosphorylated Nucleotides
2.3.3 DNA: Structure
2.3.4 DNA Purification
2.3.5 DNA Replication
2.3.6 The Genetic Code
2.3.7 Transcription
2.3.7 Translation
2.4.1 The Role Of Enzymes
2.4.2 Enzyme Action
2.4.3 Enzyme Activity: PH
2.4.4 Enzyme Activity: Temperature
2.4.5 Enzyme Activity: Enzyme Concentration
2.4.6 Enzyme Activity: Substrate Concentration
2.4.7 Enzyme Activity: Enzyme Inhibitors
2.4.8 Coenzymes, Cofactors & Prosthetic Groups
2.4.9 Practical: Measuring Enzyme Activity
2.5.1 The Cell Surface Membrane
2.5.2 Membrane Structure & Permeabilty
2.5.3 Diffusion & Facilitated Diffusion
2.5.4 Practical: Investigation The Rate Of Diffusion
2.5.5 Active Transport
2.5.6 Endocytosis & Exocytosis
2.5.7 Osmosis
2.5.8 Osmosis In Animal & Plant Cells
2.5.9 Practical: Investigating Water Practical
2.6.1 The Cell Cycle
2.6.2 The Stages Of Mitosis
2.6.3 Indentifying Mitosis In Plant Cells
2.6.4 The Significance Of Mitosis
2.6.5 The Stages Of Meiosis
2.6.6 The Significance Of Meisois
2.6.7 Specicalised Cells
2.6.8 The Organisation Of Cells
2.6.9 Stem Cells
2.6.10 Stem Cells In Animals & Plants
2.6.11 The Use Of Stem Cells
3.1.1 Specialised Exchange Surfaces
3.1.2 Features Of Exchange Surfaces
3.1.3 The Mammalian Gas Exchange System
3.1.4 Ventilation In Mammals
3.1.5 Spirometers
3.1.6 Gas Exchange In Fish & Insects
3.1.7 Practical: Dissection Of Gas Exchange Surfaces In Fish & Insects
3.2.1 The Need For Transport Systems In Animals
3.2.2 Circulatory Systems
3.2.3 Blood Vessels
3.2.4 Tissue Fluid
3.2.5 The Mammalian Heart
3.2.6 Practical: Mammilian Heart Dissection
3.2.7 The Cardiac Cycle
3.2.8 Cardiac Output
3.2.9 Heart Action: Initiation & Control
3.2.10 Electrocardiograms (ECGs)
3.2.11 The Role Of Haemoglobin
3.2.12 Adult & Fetal Haemoglobin
3.3.1 The Need For Transport Systems In Plants
3.3.2 The Xylem & Phloem
3.3.3 The Xylem
3.3.4 The Phloem
3.3.5 Transverse Sections: Stems, Roots & Leaves
3.3.6 The Process Of Transpiration
3.3.7 Transpiration In Plants
3.3.8 Practical: Investigating The Rate Of Transpiration
3.3.9 Translocation
3.3.10 The Mass Flow Hypotheis
3.3.11 The Adaptations Of Xerophytic & Hydrophytic Plants
4.1.1 Common Pathogens & Communicable Diseases
4.1.2 Transmission Of Communicable Pathogens
4.1.3 Plant Defences Against Pathogens
4.1.4 Non-Specific Immune Responses
4.1.5 Phagocytes
4.1.6 Blood Cells
4.1.7 The T Lymphocyte Response
4.1.8 The B Lymphocyte Response
4.1.9 Primary & Secondary Immune Responses
4.1.10 Antibodies
4.1.11 Opsonins, Agglutinins & Anti-Toxins
4.1.12 Types Of Immunity
4.1.13 Autoimmune Diseases
4.1.14 Principle Of Vaccination
4.1.15 Sources Of Medicine
4.1.16 Antibiotics
