4.1.1 Organic Chemistry Flashcards
(45 cards)
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 carbons in a chain
Meth,eth,prop,Bute,Pent, hex, sept, oct, non, dec
What is the difference between an alcohol and an aldehyde
In the alcohol the OH is joined whereas in the aldehyde they are separate
What is the homologous series
A series of organic compounds with the same functional group, but with each differing by CH2
What are the trends in properties of homologous series’s
As chain increases:
-flammability decreases
-viscosity increases
-boiling point increases (more intermolecular forces)
What is a saturated molecule
A molecule which does not contain carbon to carbon double bond
What is an unsaturated molecule
A molecule which contains at least 1 carbon to carbon double bond
What is the definition of an isomer
A molecule with the same molecular formula but the atoms are arranged in different ways
What bonds form in alkanes (C-C,C-H)
Sigma bonds
|~~|
\ - /
What is a sigma bond
A covalent bond formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals directly between the bonding atoms.
What is the pattern shown in increasing size of carbon chains in alkanes and why does this occur (long answer)
As the number of carbons increases, so does the boiling point. This is because:
-the number of electron increase
-so London forces increase
-so more energy required to break intermoleculor forces
-so boiling point increases
Why could the boiling pints of alkanes be affected by their shape (jigsaw model)
-the more points of contact the higher the boiling point
-therefore the more branches the less points of contact
-less London forces
-less energy I break intermoleculor forces
-lower boiling point
What are the products of complete combustion
(Enough oxygen)
Water and carbon dioxide
What are the products of incomplete combustion
(Not enough oxygen)
Carbon monoxide, water and soot
Substitution (reaction) definition
When one or group of atoms are replaced by a different atom or group of atoms
What is a radical
A species with an unpaired electron. To make these we need ultraviolet light
What are the 3 steps of radical substitution
1) initiation- radicals are formed by the presence of UV light
2) propagation- the radicals can react with alkanes (they steal a hydrogen).
3) termination- The new radical can now react with any molecule it comes in contact with. If it reacts with another radical they cancel out
(Cancel all the duplicates out to find the final product)
Definition of homlytic fission
Covalent bond broken resulting in each atom gaining 1 unpaired electron
Alkane- structure, suffix and example
H H
l l
H-C=C-H
l l
H H
-ANE
ethane
Alkene- structure, suffix and example
H H
l l
C = C
l l
H H
-ENE
Ethene
Alcohol- structure, suffix and example
H H
l l
H-C - C-OH
l l
H H
-OL
Ethanol
Aldehyde- structure, suffix and example
H H O
l l ll
H - C - C - C - H
l l
H H
-AL
Propanal
Ketone- structure, suffix and example
H O H
l ll l
H - C - C - C - H
l l
H H
-ONE
propanone
Carboxylic acid- structure, suffix and example
H O
l ll
H - C - C - OH
l
H
-OIC ACID
ethanoic acid
Halogenoalkane- structure and example
H H H
I I I
H - C - C - C - F
I I I
H H H
1-fluoropropane
