411 Notes Flashcards
What are some words to describe lesions?
Shape (round, oval, etc)
Size
Macule (flat) or papular (raised)
Scaly or smooth
BPPV
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo Common in elderly From displaced otolith Diagnose using Dix-Hallpike maneuver Treat with Epley's maneuver
How long does it take for hypothyroidism drugs to kick in?
6 weeks
4 main classes of BP drugs
Thiazide diuretics
Beta blockers
ACE inhibitors
Ca channel blockers
2 medications used for induction of ovulation
Clomiphene (classic exam q)
Letrozol (but not the exam answer)
Decreased kidney function causes an increased risk for…
Heart disease
Stroke
Etc
What do you need to avoid when on metformin?
Advil (only tylenol!!)
Normal value for glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C)
Under 7
If they are elderly then under 8
Side effects of iron supplements
Nausea
Constipation
Turns stool black**
How do you need to take iron?
On an empty stomach
With citrus ideally (low pH for absorption)
What drug is used to treat strep throat?
Amoxicillin
How do you see specialists in BC?
Need referral from a family doc
Expires after 6 months
Good so that you make sure you see that patient again
When do we start doing Pap tests?
25 years old
Until 69
Satellite lesions usually point to what kind of rash?
Fungal
Tamiflu (oseltamivir) protects against what strain of influenza
A and B
Only one that does this
What does aspirin protect against
In men: heart attacks (start at 45)
In women: strokes (start at 50)
If diabetic, start about 5-10 years earlier
Also prevents colon cancer
Tennis elbow vs golfer’s elbow
Tennis elbow is lateral epicondylitis
Golfer’s elbow is medial epicondylitis
Ear infections in children vs adults
Children get otitis media because their eustachian tubes are more horizontal (so stagnant fluid in the middle ear)
Adults get otitis externa (infection of the eustachian tube)
If a patient complains of chest pain, what 2 tests do you NEED to order
EKG and troponin test
Cluster headaches
From vasospasm
Present as one-sided headaches with leakage from eyes and nose from that side
They are in regular intervals (ex: on for 5 days, off for 30)
Go away immediately with oxygen therapy
Internal vs external hemorrhoids
Internal are above the pectinate lines, no pain
External are below the pectinate lines, do have pain and bleed
How do you avoid swelling in pregnant women in their lower extremities?
Sleep on their LEFT side
Stops the inferior vena cava from being compressed
What’s important about the pharmacology of adivan?
Its a benzodiazepine
Cannot stop it abruptly because of the withdrawal symptoms (seizure, coma, death)
What is a problem with CT contrast?
Can cause nephropathy
Have to check kidney function before ordering it
3 side effects from birth control
DVT
Pulmonary embolism
Stroke
Where is the most common cause of fracture in the foot
5th metatarsal
Slower to heal because it has different blood supply
How can you tell between gout and rheumatoid arthritis
Gout is usually monoarthritis
Rheumatoid is polyarthritis
What medication will give you a false negative for H pylori
Proton pump inhibitors
Common cause of bilateral leg pain
Iron deficiency
2 side effects of naproxone
GI bleeding
Acute renal failure (especially in elderly)
What prevents falls in the elderly?
Vitamin D
Swollen lymph nodes above the collarbone indicate…
Stomach cancer
Diabetes sugar levels
- Fasting
- Post prandial
- 7
2. 11
Diabetes and prediabetes for A1C
Diabetes: 6.5 or over
Pre: 5.7 to 6.4
Why do you want to decrease HR in ischemic heart diseases?
Because if you decrease HR, there is more time spent in diastole, and that is when the coronary arteries fill
Where is Fe, Folic acid, and B12 absorbed?
Fe: duodenum
Folic acid: jejunum
B12: ileum
Side effects of amiodorone
Lung
Liver
Thyroid
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Most common cause of hypothyroidism
Body produces antibodies against the thyroid gland and that leads to chronic inflammation
Reye’s disease is a concern in which medications
Aspirin
Pepto Bismol
