4.1.1 Basic Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Definition of hydrocarbon

Answer 1

Compounds that contain ONLY hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 2

Stem for C1-10

Answer 2

meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec

Question 3

Suffix for alkane, alkene, alcohol, carboxylic acid, ketone, aldehyde, ester, amine

Answer 3

-ane, -ene, -ol, -oic acid, -one, -al, - ate, -amine

Question 4

Name of CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3

Answer 4

butan-2,3-diol

Question 5

Structural formula of 3-ethyl-5-methylhexan-2-ol

Answer 5

CH3CH(CH3)CH2C(C2H5)CH(OH)CH3

Question 6

Name of CH3COCH3

Answer 6

propanone

Question 7

structural formula of 1,2-dichloropropane

Answer 7

CH2ClCHClCH3

Question 8

Definition of empirical formula

Answer 8

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 9

Definition of homologous series

Answer 9

Series of organic compounds with the same functional group with each member differing by a CH2 group

Question 10

Definition of alkyl group

Answer 10

Hydrocarbon chain with general formula CnH2n+1

Question 11

Definition of aliphatic

Answer 11

Compound containing carbon and hydrogen. Can be straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings

Question 12

Definition of alicyclic

Answer 12

carbon and hydrogen compounds arranged in non-aromatic rings (with or without side chains)

Question 13

Definition of aromatic

Answer 13

Compound containing a benzene ring

Question 14

Saturated

Answer 14

Contains single carbon-carbon bonds only

Question 15

Unsaturated

Answer 15

Contains double or triple carbon-carbon bonds (including aromatic rings)

Question 16

Isomers

Answer 16

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms within the molecule (different structural formula)

Question 17

Chain isomers

Answer 17

Same molecular formula but different arrangement of the carbon skeleton e.g. straight chains v branched chains

Question 18

Position isomers

Answer 18

Have the functional group of the molecule in a different position on the carbon chain e.g. propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol

Question 19

Functional group isomers

Answer 19

Same molecular formula but a different functional group e.g. propanone and propanal

Question 20

Curly arrow

Answer 20

Movement of a pair of electrons

Question 21

Homolytic fission

Answer 21

Each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonded pair forming two radicals.

Question 22

Heterolytic fission

Answer 22

One bonding atom receives both electrons from the bonded pair forming a cation and an anion.

Question 23

Radical

Answer 23

Species with an unpaired electron

Question 24

Addition

Answer 24

When two smaller molecules combine to make 1 larger molecule

Question 25

Substitution

Answer 25

When one functional group is replaced by a different functional group.

Question 26

Oxidation

Answer 26

Loss of electrons or gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen

Question 27

Reduction

Answer 27

Gain of electrons, loss of oxygen or gain of hydrogen

Question 28

Polymerisation

Answer 28

Reaction where many monomers join to form a large regularly repeating molecule called a polymer

Question 29

Elimination

Answer 29

A small molecule is removed from a larger molecule