4.1.1 Basic concepts of organic chemistry (naming and representing the formulae of organic compounds, functional groups) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Nomenclature?

A

the set of rules that outline how different organic compounds should be named and how their formulas are represented

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2
Q

Compounds are named according to rules laid out by what Union?

A

the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)

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3
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Compounds containing hydrogen and carbon atoms only

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4
Q

What is the general formula for an alkane?

A

CnH2n+2

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5
Q

What is the structural formula for ethane?

A

CH3CH3

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6
Q

What is the molecular formula for ethane?

A

C2H6

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7
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2

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8
Q

What does the prefix (start) of the chemical tell you?

A

the length of the longest unbroken chain of carbon atoms
e.g. meth-, eth-, prop-

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9
Q

What does the suffix (ending) of the chemical tell you?

A

the functional group present

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10
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound

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11
Q

What is the functional group for a carboxylic acid?

A

COOH

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12
Q

What is the functional group for an alkene?

A

The double bond (must circle the carbon atoms with the double bond if they ask you to identify it)

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13
Q

What is the functional group for an alcohol?

A

OH

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14
Q

What is the functional group for an ester?

A

COO

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15
Q

What are saturated hydrocarbons?

A

they have carbon-carbon single bonds only. No further atoms can be added to the molecule without removing one of the atoms already there

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16
Q

What are unsaturated hydrocarbons?

A

Contain carbon to carbon multiple bonds (double or triple bonds)

17
Q

What is the suffix for the alkane functional group?

A

-ane

18
Q

What is the suffix for the alkene functional group?

A

-ene

19
Q

What is the suffix for the alcohol functional group?

A

-ol

20
Q

What is the suffix for the carboxylic acid functional group?

A

-oic acid

21
Q

What is the suffix for the ketone functional group?

A

-one

22
Q

What is the suffix for the aldehyde functional group?

A

-al

23
Q

What is the suffix for the ester functional group?

A

-ate

24
Q

What is the suffix for the amine functional group?

A

-amine

25
Q

If a halogen is present in a chemical, what is it represented by?

A

A prefix

26
Q

What is the prefix for the Flourine functional group?

A

Fluoro-

27
Q

What is the prefix for the Chlorine functional group?

A

Chloro-

28
Q

What is the prefix for the Bromine functional group?

A

Bromo-

29
Q

What is the prefix for the Iodine functional group?

A

Iodo-

30
Q

What are the 7 different ways of writing and representing organic compounds?

A
  1. Molecular Formula
  2. Structural Formula
  3. Empirical Formula
  4. Displayed Formula
  5. General Formula
  6. Skeletal Formula
  7. Cyclic Compounds and Benzene