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AS Chemistry > 4.1.1 Basic Concepts Of Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

4.1.1 Basic Concepts Of Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Stem based on number of carbons in the chain

A

1 - meth
2 - eth
3 - prop
4 - but
5 - pent
6 - hex
7 - hept
8 - oct
9 - non
10 - dec

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2
Q

Alkane group

A

Suffix : -ane

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3
Q

Alkene group

A

Functional group: C=C
Suffix: -ene

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4
Q

Haloalkane

A

Functional group: C-X
Prefix: halo-

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5
Q

Alcohol

A

Functional group: C-OH
Prefix: hydroxy-
Suffix: -ol

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6
Q

Aldehyde

A

Functional group: C double bond O, single bond H
Prefix: oxo-
Suffix: -al

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7
Q

Ketone

A

Functional group: O double bonded to a middle chain of C
Prefix: oxo-
Suffix: -one

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8
Q

Carboxylic acid

A

Functional group: C double bond O, single bond OH
Suffix: -oic acid

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9
Q

Esters

A

Functional group: C single bonded to O in chain, double bonded to O on side
Suffix: alkyl -anoate

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10
Q

When are prefixes used?

A

When the functional group is outranked
The order is:
Alkane
Alkene
Haloalkane
Alcohol
Aldehyde
Ketone
Carboxylic aicd
Esters

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11
Q

What is general formula?

A

The simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series
For an alkane CnH2n+2

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12
Q

What is structural formula?

A

For butane: CH3CH2CH2CH3
Or
CH3(CH2)2CH3

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13
Q

What is empirical formula?

A

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound

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14
Q

What is skeletal formula?

A

Hydrogen atoms are removed from alkyl chains, leaving a carbon skeleton and functional groups

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15
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but each successive member differing by CH2
Learn

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16
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound

17
Q

What is an alkyl group?

A

A side chain with the general formula CnH2n+1

18
Q

What is an aliphatic?

A

A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings

19
Q

What is an alicyclic?

A

An aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains

20
Q

What is an aromatic?

A

A compound containing a benzene ring

21
Q

Draw displayed and structural formula of benzene

A

See notes

22
Q

What is a side chain of benzene?

A

Phenyl
C6H5

23
Q

What is saturated?

A

Single carbon-carbon bonds only

24
Q

What is unsaturated?

A

The presence of multiple carbon-carbon bonds including
C=C, C=-C and aromatic rings

25
Q

What is a structural isomer?

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

26
Q

What is chain isomerism?

A

Differences in the carbon chain
Butane and methylpropane

27
Q

What is positional isomerism?

A

Chemical group(?) is located on a different position on the carbon chain
Butan-1-ol and butan-2-ol

28
Q

What is functional group isomerism?

A

The functional group is at a different position on the carbon chain, making a different type of compound
Propanone and propanal

29
Q

When do cis and trans isomers occur?

A

Only with double bonds

30
Q

What are cis and trans rules

A

A. E
C=C
B. D

To be cis or trans A /= B and E/=D
And A or B = D or E

31
Q

Draw cis and trans isomer example

A

See notes

32
Q

How to find E/Z isomerism?

A
  • must have a C=C and both carbons must be attached to different groups
    1. Locate the C=C and redraw (displayed formula)
    2. Give number of priority for each substituent on each C atoms based on ATOMIC NUMBER
    3. If highest priority on same side of C=C then isomer is Z (TOGETHER)
    4. If highest priority on different sides of C=C then isomer is E (AGAINST)
33
Q

What are stereoisomers?

A

Compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement in space

AS Chemistry (23 decks)

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