4.1.1 : Basic concepts and hyrdrocarbons

Question 1

What are isomers?

Answer 1

Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but in which the atoms are arranged in a different way

Question 2

What are structural isomers and what are the three types?

Answer 2

Structural isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae. The three ways that this can happen include chain isomerism (carbon chain is different/aldehyde groups are in different places), position isomerism (functional group is bonded to different parts of the carbon chain) and functional group isomerism (the functional group is different)

Question 3

What are stereoisomers?

Answer 3

Stereoisomers are organic compounds with the same molecular formula and structural formulae but having different arrangements of atoms in space

Question 4

What is needed for E/Z isomerism?

Answer 4

The organic molecule must have a C=C double bond and both C atoms must be attached to different groups

Z - isomer : when the groups re in the same side of the alkane
E - isomer : when the groups are on the opposite side of the alkane

Question 5

What is cis-trans isomerism?

Answer 5

A type of E/Z isomerism where two substituents on each C atoms must are the same. E isomer = trans isomer and Z isomer = cis isomer

Question 6

What is cis-trans isomerism?

Answer 6

A type of E/Z isomerism where two substituents on each C atoms must are the same. E isomer = trans isomer and Z isomer = cis isomer