4.1 Species, communities, and ecosystems Flashcards

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1
Q

Ecosystem definition

A

A community and its abiotic environment

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2
Q

Habitat defintion

A

The environment in which a species normally lives, or the location of a living organism

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3
Q

Species definition

A

A group of organism that can potentially interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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4
Q

Population definition

A

A group of organism of the same species that live in the same area at the same time

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5
Q

Community definition

A

A group of different (2+) populations living together and interacting in the same area

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6
Q

Abiotic environment definition

A

non-living components of the environment (ex. sunlight, soil, water)

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7
Q

what are the three methods of nutrition?

A

autotroph, heterotroph, mixotroph

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8
Q

autotroph definition + role

A

organisms that synthesize its own organic molecules from inorganic sources
role: producer

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9
Q

photoautotroph definition

A

organisms that synthesize organic molecules from energy derived from sunlight

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10
Q

chemoautotroph definition

A

organisms that synthesize organic molecules from energy derived from the oxidation of chemicals

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11
Q

heterotroph definition

A

organisms that obtain organic molecules from other organic organisms

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12
Q

consumer definition

A

heterotrophs that obtain organic matter that is living or recently killed

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13
Q

decomposer definition

A

organisms that consume dead organic matter (detritus) and recycle nutrients back to soil

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14
Q

detritivore definition

A

heterotrophs that obtain organic matter from detritus by internal digestion

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15
Q

saprotroph definition

A

heterotrophs that obtain organic matter from detritus by external digestion

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16
Q

decomposer types

A

detrivore, saprotroph

17
Q

what does nutrient cycling enable?

A

The supply of inorganic nutrients

18
Q

why are ecosystems sustainable?

A

due to the recycling of nutrients and wastes & the continuous transfer of energy

19
Q

how is nutrient available?

A

decomposers help recycle inorganic nutrients

20
Q

how is energy available?

A

sunlight is the initial source of energy. Energy is transferred through the pyramid of energy.

21
Q

how are wastes removed?

A

Bacteria detoxify harmful wastes

22
Q

mesocosm definition

A

an enclosed environment that contains abiotic and biotic features of an ecosystem.

23
Q

role of a sealed glass vessel

A
  • Prevent entry and exit of matter

- Light can enter

24
Q

chi squared test definition

A

a statistical test used to determine whether there is a significant association between two variables (species in ecology)

25
Q

role of quadrat sampling

A

to determine the population density in a habitat

26
Q

quadrat sampling method

A
  • Quadrats are placed repeatedly in a sample area –> reliable estimate.
  • number of quadrants regarding presence/absence, frequency, or %coverage of a given species can be recorded
  • Systematic and random sampling when placing quadrats –> to avoid bias in the selection of samples.
27
Q

which organisms is quadrat sampling most suitable to?

A

plants and small, slow moving animals

28
Q

if the calculated chi squared value < value at 0.05 significance:

A

accept the null hypothesis (H0)

29
Q

if the calculated chi squared value > value at 0.05 significance:

A

accept the alternative hypothesis (H1)