4.1 Piaget Cognitive Devlopment Stages Flashcards
Whos work was Jean Piagets similar to?
Sigmund Freud, but Piaget emphasized the ways that children think and acquire knowledge
What widely renowned child (or developmental) psychologist referred to himself primarily as a “genetic epistemologist” and what did this mean?
Jean Piaget; the development of abstract thought on the basis of a biological or innate substrate
What are the four phases of Piaget’s cognitive devlopmental theory?
- sensorimotor
- preoperational thought
- concrete operations
- formal operations
Which stage did Piaget describe: biology and experience blend to produce learned behavior: an example is when infants are born with a sucking reflex, but a type of learning occurs when infants discover the location of the nipple and alter the shape of their mouths.
Sensorimotor Stage (birth to 2 years)
What is the critical achievement during the sensorimotor stage of Piagets theory?
devlopment of object permanence or the schema of the permanent object (childs ability to understand that objects have an existance independent of the childs involvement w/ them. Infants learn to differentiate themselves from the world and are able to maintain a mental image of an object, even when it is not present and visible
when an object is dropped in front of infants, they look down to the ground to search for the object; that is, they behave for the first time as though the object has a reality outside themselves.
This is an example of what?
object permanence
At what age during the sensorimotor stage of Piagets theory do infants begin to develop “symbolization”?
18 months
What marks the transition from the sensorimotor stage to the next stage in development? and what is the name of this stage? age?
the attainment of object permanence marks the transition to the Preoperational Thought stage (2-7 years)
what two things do children use more extensively in the preoperational stage than in the sensorimotor stage?
symbols and language
Preoperational thought is midway between what?
socialized adult thought and the completely autistic freudian unconscious
What are things represented in thers of in the preoperational thought stage of Piagets theory?
function
Children in the preoperational stage cannot deal with moral dilemas although they have a sense of what?
of what is good or bad
Who is guilty, the person who breaks 1 plate on purpose or 10 plates on accident?
-child answers the person who breaks 10 dishes on accident.
what stage of Piaget’s theory is this child in? What is this specifically called the child is doing?
Pre-operational thought stage (yrs 2-7)
Immanent Justice - the belief that punishment for bad deeds in inevitable
a child in the preoperational thought stage who will not listen to a command to be quiet so their brother can study is representing what descriptor of this stage?
egocentric. - not negativistic, their egocentric thinking prevents an understanding of their brothers point of view
during the pre-operational thought stage of Piaget’s theory children use a type of magical thinking called, ______, in which events that occur together are thought to cause one another.
phenomenalistic causality
a child who thinks that thunder causes lightening and bad thoughts cause accidents is experiencing what stage of Piagets cognitive development? and what is this called?
Preoperational thought (2-7) ; phenomenalistic causality
In what stage of Piagets cognitive devlopment do children have a tendency to endow phycial events and objects w/ life like psychological attributes, such as feelings and intentions? what is this called?
stage of preoperational Thought. *animistic thinking
Drawing is a “SEMIOTIC FUNCTION” initially done as a playful exercise that signifying something else in the real world. Which stage of Piagets cognitive devopment?
preoperational thought 2-7
- Name the stage after Preoperational Thought in Piagets thoery.
- Name 4 large changes associated with this stage.
Concrete Operations (7-11)
- Operational thought
- Syllogistic reasoning
- Conservation
- Reversibility
What must a 7-11 year old be able to do in the concrete operations stage before moving on to the next?
organize and order occurrences in the real world; dealing with the future and its possibilities occurs in the next stage
children now being able to see from someone elses perspective is termed _____
operational thought (the child is no longer egocentric)
all horses are mammmals
all mammals are warm blooded
therefore all horses are warm blooded is an example of what?
syllogistic reasoning; during concrete operations children are now able to group things into classes on the basis of common characteristics. Children are able to reason and to follow rules and regulations. they can regulate themselves, and they begin to devlop a moral sense and a code of valvues
children who become overly invested in rules may show _____. children who resist a code of values often seem ____ and ____
obsessive compulsive disorder; willful and reactive
The most desirable developmental outcome in the concrete operational stage (7-11) is what?
a healthy resect for rules and understands that there are legitimate exceptions to rules.
The ability to recognize that, although the shape of objects may change, the objects still maintain or conserve other characteristics, that enable them to be recognized as the same.
conservation
if a ball of clay is rolled into a long, thin sausage shape, children recognize that each form contains the same amount of clay. THis child is in what stage of Piagets theory?
the child who thinks there is more clay in the sausage shape piece because its longer is in what stage of Piagets theory?
- concrete operations
2. preoperational thought
THe capacity to understand the relation between things, to realize that one thing can turn into another and back =
reversibility
What is the most important sign that children are still in teh preoperational stage?
they have not achieved conservation or reversibility.
What is one of Piagets most important congnitive developmental theories in the concrete operation stage?
the ability of children to understand concepts of Quantity
abstract thinking occurs in what stage of Piagets theory?
what is the formal name of thinking in this stage?
Stage of Formal Operations (11- end of adolescence)
Hypotheticodeductive thinking: highest organization of cognition, enables a person to make a hypothesis or proposition and to test it against reality.
_____ reasoning moves from the general to the particular and is more complicated process than _____, which moves from the particular to the general.
Deductive reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
Hospitalized children who are in the sensorimotor stage suffer ____
seperpation anxiety b/c they have not achieved object permanence
How could you help a child in the preoperational stage when performing an IV procedure?
children in this stage are unable to deal with concepts and abstraction therefore acting out the procedure with a toy intravenous set and doll will help
What could a child at the preoperational stage misunderstand about a physical illness or broken bone?
what does a child in the operational stage “learn” that correct this misinterpretation?
children in this stage do not understand cause and effect; they may interpret physical illness as punishment for a bad thought or deed;
they may interpret physical illness as punishment for bad thoughts or deeds; & b/c they have not yet mastered the capacity to CONSERVE (learned in operational stage) they cannot understand that bone mends or that blood lost is replaced
T/F Adults under stress may regress cognitively as well as emotionally. Their thinking can become preoperational, operational, egocentric, and sometimes animistic.
TRUE
______ = therapy that patient can be assisted to identify the negative automatic thoughts and underlying dysfunctional attitudes or beliefs that contribute to emotional distress or addictive behavior.
Cognitive therapy
