4.1 Geology And Uk

Question 1

Igneous rocks are

Answer 1

The earths oldest rocks, formed from lavas and deep magmas. They were once molten, then cooled and crystallised. Most igneous rocks are resistant to erosion

Question 2

Examples of igneous x3

Answer 2

Granite, basalt, Andesite

Question 3

Igneous rocks location in UK

Answer 3

North of the Tees-Exe line in the uplands

Question 4

Igneous rocks approx age

Answer 4

Around 3.5 billion years old

Question 5

Sedimentary approx age

Answer 5

Around 73 million years old

Question 6

Sedimentary definition

Answer 6

Formed from sediments eroded and deposited by rivers, the sea or on the sea bed. Some are resistant for example limestone while others crumble easily.

Question 7

Sedimentary examples

Answer 7

Chalk, limestone, clay.

Question 8

Sedimentary location

Answer 8

Lowland, south of the tees-exe line

Question 9

Metamorphic definition

Answer 9

Sedimentary rocks that are heated and compressed during igneous activity. Heating and compression harden them and make them resistant - shale becomes slate and limestone becomes marble

Question 10

Metamorphic location

Answer 10

Upland, north of the tees-exe lone

Question 11

Metamorphic examples

Answer 11

Schist, slates

Question 12

Metamorphic rock approx age

Answer 12

1.8 billion years

Question 13

Difference between igneous and metamorphic

Answer 13

The main difference is that the crystals in an igneous rock is shaped as it crystallized from a melt. The structures in a metamorphic rock are earlier strucures (crystals, sedimentary fragments, etc.) that have been deformed or recrystallized due to heat or pressure, or some chemical change

Question 14

Granite

Answer 14

it is formed from magma that cools and solidifies after a volcanic eruption. Granite rocks were formed when pockets of magma cooled below the Earth’s surface, with the overall process taking longer than for many other igneous rocks.

Question 15

Carboniferous limestone

Answer 15

Formed from sediments eroded and deposited by rivers, the sea or on the sea bed. Some are resistant for example limestone while others crumble easily.

Question 16

Chalk formation

Answer 16

Chalk is formed from lime mud, which accumulates on the sea floor which is then transformed into rock by geological processes.

Question 17

Slate formation

Answer 17

Slate is a low grade metamorphic rock that is generally formed by metamorphosis of mudstone or shale, under relatively low pressure and temperature conditions.

Question 18

Glacial deposition

Answer 18

A glacier’s weight, combined with its gradual movement, can drastically reshape the landscape over hundreds or even thousands of years. The ice erodes the land surface and carries the broken rocks and soil debris far from their original places, resulting in some interesting glacial landforms.