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NSFC AQA A Level Physics 12C > 4.1 Force, energy, and momentum > Flashcards

4.1 Force, energy, and momentum Flashcards

1
Q

Define scalar.

A

A quantity that only has magnitude.

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2
Q

Define vector.

A

A quantity with magnitude and direction.

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3
Q

Which of distance and displacement is a scalar and a vector?

A
  • Distance is a scalar
  • Displacement is a vector
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4
Q

Which of speed and velocity is a scalar and a vector?

A
  • Speed is a scalar
  • Velocity is a vector
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5
Q

Which of mass and weight is a scalar and a vector?

A
  • Mass is a scalar
  • Weight is a vector
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6
Q

Decompose this vector into x and y components

A
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7
Q

Define equilibrium.

A

For an object to be equilibrium, both the resultant force and resultant
moment acting on the object must be equal to zero.

Object either stationary or moving with constant velocity.

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8
Q

How can the forces acting on a object be shown to be in equilibrium with vector components?

A
  • Horizontal components sum to zero
  • Vertical components sum to zero
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9
Q

How can the forces acting on a object be shown to be in equilibrium with a scale diagram?

A

Draw a closed triangle.

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10
Q

Define a moment.

A

Product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the point.

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11
Q

Define a couple.

A

A pair of equal and opposite coplanar forces.

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12
Q

State the principle of moments.

A

Sum of the clockwise moments about a point is equal to the sum of the anticlockwise moments for a system in equilibrium.

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13
Q

Define centre of mass.

A

The point through which all the mass of an objects acts.

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14
Q

Where is the centre of mass for a uniform object?

A

In the centre of the object.

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15
Q

Define displacement.

A

The overall disatance travelled from the starting point.

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16
Q

Define velocity.

A

Rate of change of displacement.

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17
Q

What is ‘instantaneous velocity?’

A

Velocity of an object at a specific point in time.

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18
Q

How is ‘instantaneous velocity’ found graphically?

A

Measuring the gradient of a tangent to a displacement-time grpah.

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19
Q

What is ‘average velocity?’

A

Velocity over a specific period of time.

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20
Q

How is ‘average velocity’ found?

A

Change in displacement divided by the change in time.

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21
Q

What does a straight line of a displacement-time graph show?

A

Constant speed.

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22
Q

What does a curved line of a displacement-time graph show?

A

Changing speed.

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23
Q

What is uniform acceleration?

A

Where velocity of object, moving along a straight line, changes at a constant rate.

Constant gradient on velocity-time graph

24
Q

What is non-uniform acceleration?

A

Where the direction of motion of an object changes, or its speed changes at a varying rate.

Changing gradient on velocity-time graph

25
Q

What is the graident of a displacement-time graph?

A

Velocity.

26
Q

What is the graident of a velocity-time graph?

A

Acceleration.

27
Q

What is the area of a velocity-time graph?

A

Displacement.

28
Q

What is the area of an acceleration-time graph?

A

Change in velocity.

29
Q

What do the letters in SUVAT represent?

A

S - displacement
U - initial velocity
V - final velocity
A - acceleration
T - time

30
Q

How do the SUVAT equations reflect that that all objects fall at the same rate?

A

Mass is not included in the SUVAT equations, showing that the mass of an object does not affect its speed or acceleration.

31
Q

What SUVAT would we use if we weren’t given S?

A
32
Q

What SUVAT would we use if we weren’t given V?

A
33
Q

What SUVAT would we use if we weren’t given A?

A
34
Q

What SUVAT would we use if we weren’t given T?

A
35
Q

Define free fall.

A

Where an object experiences an acceleration of g.

36
Q

Define friction.

A

A force which opposes the motion of an object.

37
Q

Define drag.

A

A (friction) force that opposes motion of an object in a fluid.

38
Q

Define lift.

A

An upward force created on an object travelling through a fluid due to the object’s shape.

39
Q

Define terminal velocity.

A

When frictional forces equal the driving forces, resulting in equilibrium (zero acceleration).

40
Q

What is Newton’s 1st law?

A

An object will remain at rest of travelling with constant velocity, until a resultant force acts upon it.

41
Q

What is Newton’s 2nd law?

A

Acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant force acting on the object.

F=ma

42
Q

What is another way to define Newton’s 2nd law?

A

The resultant force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of momentum of the object.

43
Q

What is Newton’s 3rd law?

A

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. If an object exerts a force on another object, then the other object must exert a force back, that is opposite in direction and equal in magnitude.

44
Q

State conservation of (linear) momentum.

A

Total momentum before an event is equal to total momentum after the event.

Assuming no external forces are acting.

45
Q

Define impulse.

A

Change in momentum.

46
Q

What is the area of a force-time graph?

A

Impulse

47
Q

Define elsatic collision.

A

KE before an event is equal to KE after the event.

KE is conserved.

48
Q

Define inealstic collision.

A

KE before an event is not equal to KE after the event.

There is a change in KE

49
Q

What is ‘rate of doing work’ equal to?

A

Rate of energy transfer.

Power

50
Q

Define work done.

A

Energy transferred by the component of the force in the direction the object is moving.

51
Q

What is the area of a force-displacement graph?

A

Work done

52
Q

Define efficiency.

A
53
Q

State conservation of energy.

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred into other forms of energy.

54
Q

What is the equation for KE?

A
55
Q

What is the equation for GPE?

A

NSFC AQA A Level Physics 12C (19 decks)

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