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4.1 - Entamoeba, Giardia and others > 4.1 Entamoeba, Giardia and others > Flashcards

4.1 Entamoeba, Giardia and others Flashcards

1
Q

amoebic trophozoite

choose one from each:
motile / non motile
feeding / non feeding
infective / non infective
reproductive / non reproductive
A

motile, feeding, non infective, reproductive

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2
Q

amoebic cyst

choose one from each:
motile / non motile
feeding / non feeding
infective / non infective
reproductive / non reproductive
A

non motile, non feeding, infective, non reproductive

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3
Q

major pathogen of amebae

A

entamoeba histolytica

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4
Q

pathogenic amebae other that entamoeba histolytica

A

there are none

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5
Q

major morphology of entamoeba histolytica

A
  • small central karyosome

- uniform peripheral chromatic

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6
Q

morphology of entamoeba histolytica throphozoite

A

thin point pseudopodia

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7
Q

morphology of entamoeba histolytica cyst

A

one, two or four nuclei - because nuclear divisions accompany cyst maturation

sometimes cigar-shaped chromatoid bars

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8
Q

what does entamoeba histolytica throphozoite digest?

A

RBCs - shows are dark stained circles in cytoplasm

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9
Q

what is required for differential diagnoses of entamoeba histolytica

A

blood cells in the cytoplasm

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10
Q

major pathologies of entamoeba histolytica - 2

A
  • flask shaped ulceration of the intestinal wall

- bloody dysentery

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11
Q

what other organs can entamoeba histolytica ulcerate after penetrating intestinal wall

brain
lungs
heart
spleen
kidney
liver
A

liver, lungs, brain

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12
Q

most common abscess due to entamoeba histolytica after intestine

A

liver abscess - this erosion can lead to lung invasion

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13
Q

all people carrying entamoeba histolytica are symptomatic

true or false

A

false; many asymptomatic

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14
Q

which non pathogenic amoeba is commonly confused with e. histolytica

A

entamoeba coli

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15
Q

morphological differences between e. histolytica and e. coli trophozoite

A

e. coli (e. histolytica)

large ECCENTRIC karyosome (small CENTRAL karysome)

IRREGULAR chromatic clumping (UNIFORM chromatic clumping)

pseudopods are BLUNT (pseudopods are POINTED)

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16
Q

morphological differences between e. histolytica and e. coli cyst

A

e. coli (e. histolytica)

4 - 8 nuclei (never more than 4 nuclei)

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17
Q

methods of diagnosis of ameoba

A
  • microscopy
  • isoenzyme analysis
  • antigen detection
  • serology
  • molecular
  • colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy
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18
Q

what is the amoebic test associated with (choose one):

microscopy

  • biopsy
  • electrophoretic methods
  • ELISAs
  • fecal smear
  • serum antibodies
  • PCR assays
A

fecal smear

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19
Q

what is the amoebic test associated with (choose one):

isoenzyme analysis

  • biopsy
  • electrophoretic methods
  • ELISAs
  • fecal smear
  • serum antibodies
  • PCR assays
A

electrophoretic methods

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20
Q

what is the amoebic test associated with (choose one):

antigen detection

  • biopsy
  • electrophoretic methods
  • ELISAs
  • fecal smear
  • serum antibodies
  • PCR assays
A

ELISAs

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21
Q

what is the amoebic test associated with (choose one):

serology

  • biopsy
  • electrophoretic methods
  • ELISAs
  • fecal smear
  • serum antibodies
  • PCR assays
A

serum antibodies

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22
Q

what is the amoebic test associated with (choose one):

molecular diagnosis

  • biopsy
  • electrophoretic methods
  • ELISAs
  • fecal smear
  • serum antibodies
  • PCR assays
A

PCR assays

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23
Q

what is the amoebic test associated with (choose one):

colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy

  • biopsy
  • electrophoretic methods
  • ELISAs
  • fecal smear
  • serum antibodies
  • PCR assays
A

biopsy

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24
Q

what is the test associated with the gold standard of E. histolytica diagnosis

  • biopsy
  • electrophoretic methods
  • ELISAs
  • fecal smear
  • serum antibodies
  • PCR assays
  • biopsy
A
  • electrophoretic method (isoenzyme analysis)
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25
important features of E. gingivalis
- no cyst stage | - ingest WBCs
26
What do each of these ingest? E. histolytica E. coli E. gingivalis
E. histolytica (RBCs) E. coli (Bacteria) E. gingivalis (WBCs)
27
Both amoebic cysts and trophozoites are long lived outside the body true or false
false - why wet mounts require immediate examination
28
E. histolytica cannot morphologically be distinguished from
E. dispar
29
Diagnostic features of amoebic trophozoite
- size - cytoplasmic inclusion - motility of pseudopodia
30
Diagnostic features of amoebic cyst
- nuclear structure - size and shape of cyst - number of nuclei - other inclusion bodies
31
amoebic cysts and trophozoites are both passed in stool true or false
true cysts - formed stool trophozoites - diarrheal stool (won't survive gastric environment)
32
amoebic excystation occurs in small intestine large intestine
small intestine
33
amoebic trophozoites migrate to small intestine large intestine
large intestine
34
If a amoebic trophozoite remains confined to intestinal lumen it is - extra intestinal disease - intestinal disease - non invasive infection
non invasive infection
35
If a amoebic trophozoite invades the intestinal mucosa - extra intestinal disease - intestinal disease - non invasive infection
- intestinal disease
36
If a amoebic trophozoite invades liver - extra intestinal disease - intestinal disease - non invasive infection
- extra intestinal disease (includes invasion of brain and lungs)
37
Onset of invasive amoebic disease is - gradual - sudden
BOTH! Characterized by blood-tinged stool
38
severe, sudden-onset invasive amoebic case mimics this
appendicitis
39
E. histolytica disease must be differentiated from these diseases
- ulcerative colitis - carcinoma - other intestinal parasites - diverculities
40
Hepatic form of E. histolytica disease must be differentiated from
- hepatitis - hydatid cyst - gallbladder problems - cancer - lung
41
What is the most grave and most common complication of amoebic disease?
amebic hepatitis
42
two division of antiamebic drugs
- luminal agents | - tissue agents
43
DOC for Amebiasis - diloxanide furoate - iodoquionol - metronidazole - paramomycin
- ioduquinol or paramomycin
44
Drug(s) that is/are luminal agent - diloxanide furoate - iodoquionol - metronidazole - paramomycin
- iodoquionol - diloxanide furoate - paramomycin
45
Drug(s) that is/are the tissue agent - diloxanide furoate - iodoquionol - metronidazole - paramomycin
- metronidazole
46
DOC for amebic dysentry - diloxanide furoate - iodoquionol - metronidazole - paramomycin
- metronidazole | - plus iodoquinol or paramomycin
47
DOC for amebic hepatic disease - diloxanide furoate - iodoquionol - metronidazole - paramomycin
- metronidazole | - plus iodoquinol or paramomycin
48
what is the most common intestinal protozoa in US
giardia lamblia
49
morphology of giardia lamblia trophozoite
- tear drop shaped - bilaterally symmetrical - two anterior nuclei - eight flagella - sucking disc concavity on ventral side
50
Which of the following is false about the morphology of giardia lamblia - tear drop shaped - bilaterally symmetrical - two anterior nuclei - eight flagella - sucking disc concavity on dorsal side
- sucking disc concavity on dorsal side | correct: sucking disc concavity on VENTRAL side
51
morphology of giardia lamblia cyst
- oval - two or four nuclei at one end - "little old lady wearing glasses"
52
what is the diagnostic stage of giardia lamblia trophozoite cyst
both - they are both found in feces and can be morphologically identified
53
methods of diagnosis of giardia lamblia
- identification from feces - antigen based immunoasssays - ELISA, PCR
54
responsible for transmission of giardia lamblia trophozoite cyst
cyst
55
encystation of giardia lamblia occurs as the parasites transit towards
colon
56
Cause of traveler's disease
giardia lamblia
57
symptoms of giardia lamblia infection
- abdominal pain - foul smelling diarrhea - foul smelling gas
58
giardia lamblia are tissue invaders not tissue invaders
not tissue invaders but malabsorption may occur in heavy infection
59
treatment for giardia lamblia
- quinacrine | - meronidazole or flurazolidone
60
where does dientamoeba fragilis live
cecum and colon
61
infective stage of dientamoeba fragilis trophozoite cyst
- trophozoite; dientamoeba fragilis does not form cyst | cysts are tough -> no cyst -> fragile
62
treatment for dientamoeba fragilis
- metronidazole - iodoquinol - paromomycin - tetracycline
63
which protozoa can be treated with tetracycline ``` entamoeba histolytica entamoeba coli entamoeba dispar giardia lamblia dientamoeba fragilis ```
dientamoeba fragilis

4.1 - Entamoeba, Giardia and others (3 decks)

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