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4.1 - Entamoeba, Giardia and others > 4.1 Entamoeba, Giardia and others > Flashcards

4.1 Entamoeba, Giardia and others Flashcards

1
Q

amoebic trophozoite

choose one from each:
motile / non motile
feeding / non feeding
infective / non infective
reproductive / non reproductive
A

motile, feeding, non infective, reproductive

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2
Q

amoebic cyst

choose one from each:
motile / non motile
feeding / non feeding
infective / non infective
reproductive / non reproductive
A

non motile, non feeding, infective, non reproductive

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3
Q

major pathogen of amebae

A

entamoeba histolytica

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4
Q

pathogenic amebae other that entamoeba histolytica

A

there are none

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5
Q

major morphology of entamoeba histolytica

A
  • small central karyosome

- uniform peripheral chromatic

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6
Q

morphology of entamoeba histolytica throphozoite

A

thin point pseudopodia

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7
Q

morphology of entamoeba histolytica cyst

A

one, two or four nuclei - because nuclear divisions accompany cyst maturation

sometimes cigar-shaped chromatoid bars

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8
Q

what does entamoeba histolytica throphozoite digest?

A

RBCs - shows are dark stained circles in cytoplasm

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9
Q

what is required for differential diagnoses of entamoeba histolytica

A

blood cells in the cytoplasm

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10
Q

major pathologies of entamoeba histolytica - 2

A
  • flask shaped ulceration of the intestinal wall

- bloody dysentery

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11
Q

what other organs can entamoeba histolytica ulcerate after penetrating intestinal wall

brain
lungs
heart
spleen
kidney
liver
A

liver, lungs, brain

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12
Q

most common abscess due to entamoeba histolytica after intestine

A

liver abscess - this erosion can lead to lung invasion

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13
Q

all people carrying entamoeba histolytica are symptomatic

true or false

A

false; many asymptomatic

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14
Q

which non pathogenic amoeba is commonly confused with e. histolytica

A

entamoeba coli

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15
Q

morphological differences between e. histolytica and e. coli trophozoite

A

e. coli (e. histolytica)

large ECCENTRIC karyosome (small CENTRAL karysome)

IRREGULAR chromatic clumping (UNIFORM chromatic clumping)

pseudopods are BLUNT (pseudopods are POINTED)

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16
Q

morphological differences between e. histolytica and e. coli cyst

A

e. coli (e. histolytica)

4 - 8 nuclei (never more than 4 nuclei)

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17
Q

methods of diagnosis of ameoba

A
  • microscopy
  • isoenzyme analysis
  • antigen detection
  • serology
  • molecular
  • colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy
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18
Q

what is the amoebic test associated with (choose one):

microscopy

  • biopsy
  • electrophoretic methods
  • ELISAs
  • fecal smear
  • serum antibodies
  • PCR assays
A

fecal smear

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19
Q

what is the amoebic test associated with (choose one):

isoenzyme analysis

  • biopsy
  • electrophoretic methods
  • ELISAs
  • fecal smear
  • serum antibodies
  • PCR assays
A

electrophoretic methods

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20
Q

what is the amoebic test associated with (choose one):

antigen detection

  • biopsy
  • electrophoretic methods
  • ELISAs
  • fecal smear
  • serum antibodies
  • PCR assays
A

ELISAs

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21
Q

what is the amoebic test associated with (choose one):

serology

  • biopsy
  • electrophoretic methods
  • ELISAs
  • fecal smear
  • serum antibodies
  • PCR assays
A

serum antibodies

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22
Q

what is the amoebic test associated with (choose one):

molecular diagnosis

  • biopsy
  • electrophoretic methods
  • ELISAs
  • fecal smear
  • serum antibodies
  • PCR assays
A

PCR assays

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23
Q

what is the amoebic test associated with (choose one):

colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy

  • biopsy
  • electrophoretic methods
  • ELISAs
  • fecal smear
  • serum antibodies
  • PCR assays
A

biopsy

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24
Q

what is the test associated with the gold standard of E. histolytica diagnosis

  • biopsy
  • electrophoretic methods
  • ELISAs
  • fecal smear
  • serum antibodies
  • PCR assays
  • biopsy
A
  • electrophoretic method (isoenzyme analysis)
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25
Q

important features of E. gingivalis

A
  • no cyst stage

- ingest WBCs

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26
Q

What do each of these ingest?

E. histolytica
E. coli
E. gingivalis

A

E. histolytica (RBCs)

E. coli (Bacteria)

E. gingivalis (WBCs)

27
Q

Both amoebic cysts and trophozoites are long lived outside the body

true or false

A

false - why wet mounts require immediate examination

28
Q

E. histolytica cannot morphologically be distinguished from

A

E. dispar

29
Q

Diagnostic features of amoebic trophozoite

A
  • size
  • cytoplasmic inclusion
  • motility of pseudopodia
30
Q

Diagnostic features of amoebic cyst

A
  • nuclear structure
  • size and shape of cyst
  • number of nuclei
  • other inclusion bodies
31
Q

amoebic cysts and trophozoites are both passed in stool

true or false

A

true

cysts - formed stool
trophozoites - diarrheal stool (won’t survive gastric environment)

32
Q

amoebic excystation occurs in

small intestine
large intestine

A

small intestine

33
Q

amoebic trophozoites migrate to

small intestine
large intestine

A

large intestine

34
Q

If a amoebic trophozoite remains confined to intestinal lumen it is

  • extra intestinal disease
  • intestinal disease
  • non invasive infection
A

non invasive infection

35
Q

If a amoebic trophozoite invades the intestinal mucosa

  • extra intestinal disease
  • intestinal disease
  • non invasive infection
A
  • intestinal disease
36
Q

If a amoebic trophozoite invades liver

  • extra intestinal disease
  • intestinal disease
  • non invasive infection
A
  • extra intestinal disease (includes invasion of brain and lungs)
37
Q

Onset of invasive amoebic disease is

  • gradual
  • sudden
A

BOTH!

Characterized by blood-tinged stool

38
Q

severe, sudden-onset invasive amoebic case mimics this

A

appendicitis

39
Q

E. histolytica disease must be differentiated from these diseases

A
  • ulcerative colitis
  • carcinoma
  • other intestinal parasites
  • diverculities
40
Q

Hepatic form of E. histolytica disease must be differentiated from

A
  • hepatitis
  • hydatid cyst
  • gallbladder problems
  • cancer
  • lung
41
Q

What is the most grave and most common complication of amoebic disease?

A

amebic hepatitis

42
Q

two division of antiamebic drugs

A
  • luminal agents

- tissue agents

43
Q

DOC for Amebiasis

  • diloxanide furoate
  • iodoquionol
  • metronidazole
  • paramomycin
A
  • ioduquinol or paramomycin
44
Q

Drug(s) that is/are luminal agent

  • diloxanide furoate
  • iodoquionol
  • metronidazole
  • paramomycin
A
  • iodoquionol
  • diloxanide furoate
  • paramomycin
45
Q

Drug(s) that is/are the tissue agent

  • diloxanide furoate
  • iodoquionol
  • metronidazole
  • paramomycin
A
  • metronidazole
46
Q

DOC for amebic dysentry

  • diloxanide furoate
  • iodoquionol
  • metronidazole
  • paramomycin
A
  • metronidazole

- plus iodoquinol or paramomycin

47
Q

DOC for amebic hepatic disease

  • diloxanide furoate
  • iodoquionol
  • metronidazole
  • paramomycin
A
  • metronidazole

- plus iodoquinol or paramomycin

48
Q

what is the most common intestinal protozoa in US

A

giardia lamblia

49
Q

morphology of giardia lamblia trophozoite

A
  • tear drop shaped
  • bilaterally symmetrical
  • two anterior nuclei
  • eight flagella
  • sucking disc concavity on ventral side
50
Q

Which of the following is false about the morphology of giardia lamblia

  • tear drop shaped
  • bilaterally symmetrical
  • two anterior nuclei
  • eight flagella
  • sucking disc concavity on dorsal side
A
  • sucking disc concavity on dorsal side

correct: sucking disc concavity on VENTRAL side

51
Q

morphology of giardia lamblia cyst

A
  • oval
  • two or four nuclei at one end
  • “little old lady wearing glasses”
52
Q

what is the diagnostic stage of giardia lamblia

trophozoite
cyst

A

both - they are both found in feces and can be morphologically identified

53
Q

methods of diagnosis of giardia lamblia

A
  • identification from feces
  • antigen based immunoasssays
  • ELISA, PCR
54
Q

responsible for transmission of giardia lamblia

trophozoite
cyst

A

cyst

55
Q

encystation of giardia lamblia occurs as the parasites transit towards

A

colon

56
Q

Cause of traveler’s disease

A

giardia lamblia

57
Q

symptoms of giardia lamblia infection

A
  • abdominal pain
  • foul smelling diarrhea
  • foul smelling gas
58
Q

giardia lamblia are

tissue invaders
not tissue invaders

A

not tissue invaders

but malabsorption may occur in heavy infection

59
Q

treatment for giardia lamblia

A
  • quinacrine

- meronidazole or flurazolidone

60
Q

where does dientamoeba fragilis live

A

cecum and colon

61
Q

infective stage of dientamoeba fragilis

trophozoite
cyst

A
  • trophozoite; dientamoeba fragilis does not form cyst

cysts are tough -> no cyst -> fragile

62
Q

treatment for dientamoeba fragilis

A
  • metronidazole
  • iodoquinol
  • paromomycin
  • tetracycline
63
Q

which protozoa can be treated with tetracycline

entamoeba histolytica 
entamoeba coli
entamoeba dispar
giardia lamblia
dientamoeba fragilis
A

dientamoeba fragilis

4.1 - Entamoeba, Giardia and others (3 decks)

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