4.1 communicable diseases Flashcards
Explain Tuberculosis
-kills cells and tissues - lungs are most often affected
-Bacteria
Explain Meningitis
-Infection of the meninges (membrane around brain and spinal chord)
-Bacteria
Explain Ring Rot
-Ring of decay in vascular tissue
-Bacterium
Explain HIV/AIDS
-Attacks cells in immune system, compromises the immune response
-Virus
Explain Influenza
-Attacks respiratory system and causes muscle pains and headaches
-Virus
Explain TMV (Tobacco mosaic virus)
-Causes discolouration of leaves
-Virus
Explain Black Sigatoka
-Causes leaf spots on banana plants - reduces yield
-Fungus
Explain Blight
-Affects leaves and potato tubers
-Protoctista
Explain Ringworm
-Affects cattle
-Growth of fungus causing spores, leading to rash
-Fungus
Explain Athlete’s foot
-Growth under skin of feet (particularly between toes)
-Fungus
Explain Malaria
-Parasite in blood causes headache and fever - can cause coma and death
-Protoctista (Plasmodium)
What are Mucous membranes
specialised layer of epithelial tissuethat contain goblet cells which secrete mucus and is lined w cilia to move mucus up to oesohpagus to be swallowed into digestive system itno stomach of low ph which denatures the pathogens enzymes
Explain neutrophil action
neutrophil binds to opsonin
pathogen engulfed by endocytosis to form phagosome
lysosomes fuse to phagosome + release lytic enzymes into it
harmless products absorbed into cell
What do T regulator cells do
Shut down the immune response once pathogen has been removed
What do T helper cells do
Release cytokines which stimulate B cells to develop
cytokines also stimulate phagocytosis by phagocytes
