4.1 classification and biodiversity Flashcards
what is classification
Classification is the organisation of living things into groups according to their similarities
such as physical traits behaviour diet and dna
what are the five kingdoms
animals plants fungi bacteria protocists (unicellular)
what can the animal kingdom be furthest split into?
Vertebra animals that have a backbone and invertebrates animals that don’t have a backbone
What can the plant kingdom be further divided into?
flowering plants produce flowers for reproduction like sunflower and grass plants
Flowering plants reproduce using spores like ferns and mosses
What is the order of classification?
Kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
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how do we name animals and why
The binomial system will use the organisms, genius and species to create its name. This avoids confusion which could occur by using common names which differ from region to region scientist know the binomial system is universal and Latin is used to name organisms.
What is a morphological adaptation?
A structural change which gives an organism a greater chance of survival in its habitat
Why do Fetick foxes have larger ears?
large ears allow heat to be radiated from the body helping it to cool down smaller ears help retain body heat
what is a behavioural adaptation?
An organism reacts to its environment which aids its survival
How could biodiversity indigent species be conserved and protected?
CITES
SSSI
captive breeding programs, national parks, seed and sperm banks, local biodiversity action plans
what are seed banks
place where seeds are stored to preserve genetic diversity
What is captive breeding?
The process of breeding animals outside of the natural environment in restricted conditions
What resources are needed to for organisms to survive in an environment?
Food light and minerals water
What are the factors of affect the size of a population?
Number of predators disease pollution
what is interspecific competition
when different species compete for the same resources
what is intraspecific competition
when members of the same species compete for the same resources
what is biodiversity
a variety of different species of living organisms and the number within each species of an area
the greater the number of different species the greater the biodiversity
Why is bio diversity important?
A rich bio diversity of living organisms leads to a stable environment that can withstand situations that would be damaging to organisms living there damaging the environment could damage or food chains and eventually will affect negatively on the human food chain
five reasons why biodiversity is important
provides chances of new discoveries potentially leading to new medicines
provided food for other species and humans
potential food resources, new insects that are edible
industrial materials, for new discoveries
human well being, stimulates interest in nature
what is CITES
Convention on international trade on endangered species
prevents sale and imports of any objects or body parts to be sold commercially
SSSI
Sites of special scientific interest
prevents any disturbances that could lead to loss of biodiversity
national parls
strict laws prevents any development that would affect environment
captive breeding
promotes breeding of endangered animals to increase population and potentially release them into the wild
seed banks
keeping seeds in storage invade of disaster or plant species became extinct
what is abundance
measure of the number of species in a given area
often using a quadrat for plants
or capture: recapture for animals
Distribution
measure of which species are found within a given area
measured using a line transect to discover where species occur alone the line
how do we use quadrats
chose appropriately sized quadrant for the organism and area
to ensure unbiased choice of area create a grid of the area and use a random number generator like a dice to produce coordinates for placing the quadrat
record the number of chosen plants that lie within the quadrat
repeat enough times to give a good representation of the given area
how to use a line transect
lay down tape measure along chosen region
at appropriate intervals take a sample and identify each species along the tape measure
repeat many times to get sufficient data
what is capture / recapture method used for and how do we use it
to calculate population size
collect a set number of animals
mark the captured animals (pitfall trap)
release them back into the wild
after a set period of time collect a new sample of the same species record the number of animals that are marked and unmarked
what is a pest
when organisms negatively affect local wildlife by eating them or destroying their habitats
what is biological control
the killing of pest species through the use of another living organism usually a predator
what is an alien species
species that occur outside their natural habitat they are spread. h human activity
what is an alien species
species that occur outside their natural habitat they are spread. h human activity
what are invasive species
animal or plant that harms an environment after being introduced to it by humans
what precautions are taken when introducing alien species
The control organism attacks the pest and nothing else
It won’t carry any diseases
Must be able to breed successfully
Process must be closely monitored by scientist
disadvantages of biological control
it’s slow
rarely eradicates just lowers numbers
