4.1 Cell Biology

Question 1

What are the two types of cells

Answer 1

animal and plant

Question 2

what type of cell is bacteria

Answer 2

prokaryotic

Question 3

where is dna found in animal and plant cells

Answer 3

in the nucleus

Question 4

cell membrane function

Answer 4

controls movement of substances in and out of cells

Question 5

chloroplast function

Answer 5

contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis

Question 6

mitochondria function

Answer 6

site of respiration to transfer energy

Question 7

ribosomes function

Answer 7

enable protein synthesis

Question 8

cell wall function

Answer 8

strengthens and supports cell membrane

Question 9

nucleus function

Answer 9

contains genetic information and acts as control centre

Question 10

cytoplasm function

Answer 10

where chemical reactions occur

Question 11

permanent vacuole

Answer 11

filled with cell sap to help keep cell turgid

Question 12

eukaryotic cells

Answer 12

complex, animal and plant

Question 13

prokaryotic

Answer 13

smaller and simpler, bacteria

Question 14

where is the genetic information in a prokaryotic cells

Answer 14

DNA loops called plasmids

Question 15

magnification

Answer 15

image size / real size

Question 16

differences between electron microscope and light microscope 4

Answer 16

use beams of electrons, can view living samples, more expensive, higher resolution and magnification

Question 17

sperm cell function and adaptions

Answer 17

fertilise ovum and tail and lots of mitochondria

Question 18

nerve cell function

Answer 18

carry electrical signals

Question 19

nerve cell adaptations

Answer 19

branches endings to form network, myelin sheath insulates axon

Question 20

muscle cell function and adaptations

Answer 20

contract quickly and relax, lots of mitochondria

Question 21

root hair cell function and adaptations

Answer 21

absorb water and minerals from soil, large surface area and lots of mitochondria

Question 23

xylem/phloem cell function

Answer 23

transport water and food around plants

Question 24

xylem/ phloem cell adaptations

Answer 24

hollow and very long, very few sub cellular structures

Question 25

how often can cells divide using binary fission

Answer 25

20 minutes if they have enough nutrients and stable temperature

Question 26

how has microscopy techniques and understand of sub cellular structures increased

Answer 26

electron microscope have better magnification and resolution

Question 28

number of bacteria in a population after a certain time

Answer 28

divide total time by mean division time then multiply by 2

Question 29

stem cell

Answer 29

undifferentiated cell, capable of producing many cells of the same cell which can differentiate

Question 30

human embryo cell function

Answer 30

cloned and made to differentiate into most different types of human cells

Question 31

meristem tissue function

Answer 31

differentiate into any type of plant cell throughout the life time

Question 32

adult bone marrow function

Answer 32

contains stem cells that can form cells such as blood cells

Question 33

therapeutic cloning is

Answer 33

cloning an embryo produced with the same genes as the patient

Question 34

why therapeutic cloning

Answer 34

the cells won’t be rejected by the patient’s body

Question 35

meristem cell cloneing features 3

Answer 35

quickly, economically, save rare species and introduce disease resistance

Question 36

diffusion definition

Answer 36

net movement of particles from high to low concentration gradient

Question 37

factors that affect diffusion 3

Answer 37

concentration gradient, temperature, surface area