4.1 - Basic concepts and hydrocarbons

Question 1

What is nomenclature?

Answer 1

The naming system for compounds.

Question 2

What is the homologous series?

Answer 2

A series of organic compounds that have the same functional group with successive members differing by CH2.

Question 3

What are the 3 types of hydrocarbons?

Answer 3

1. Aliphatic
2. Alicyclic
3. Aromatic

Question 4

What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon?

Answer 4

A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains.

Question 5

What is an alicyclic hydrocarbon?

Answer 5

A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure.

Question 6

What is an aromatic hydrocarbon?

Answer 6

A hydrocarbon that contains at least one benzene ring in the structure.

Question 7

What are aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons?

Answer 7

Straight hydrocarbons that contain only carbon and hydrogen joined by SINGLE COVALENT BONDS.

Question 8

What is the general formula for the alkanes homologous series?

Answer 8

C(n) H(2n+2)

Question 9

What are the first 10 members of the alkanes homologous series?

Answer 9

1. METHane
2. ETHane
3. PROPane
4. BUTane
5. PENTane
6. HEXane
7. HEPTane
8. OCTane
9. NONane
10. DECane

Question 10

What are the three rules you should consider when naming branched alkanes?

Answer 10

1. STEM - the main part of the name
2. SUFFIX - the end of the name
3. PREFIX - the front part of the name

Question 11

What group is formed when you remove a hydrogen atom from an alkane?

Answer 11

an ALKYL GROUP

Question 12

Name the 10 alkyl groups and their respective formulas.

Answer 12

1. METHyl - CH3
2. ETHyl - C2H5
3. PROPyl - C3H7
4. BUTyl - C4H9
5. PENTyl - C5H11
6. HEXyl - C6H13
7. PENTyl - C7H15
8. OCTyl - C8H17
9. NONyl - C9H19
10. DECyl - C10H21

Question 13

How are functional groups displayed?

Answer 13

In either the suffix if it is the most important group, or the prefix, if it is an additional functional group.

Question 14

Name the 7 functional groups, their formula, and their prefix or suffix.

Answer 14

1. alcohol, -OH, hydroxy-, -ol
2. aldehyde, -CHO (OR -COH (branched), -al
3. alkane, C-C, -ane
4. alkene, C=C, -ene
5. carboxylic acid, -COOH (or -COOH branched), -oic acid
6. haloalkane, -F/-Cl/-Br/-I, fluoro- / chloro-/bromo-/ido-
7. ketone, C-CO-C (C-C=0-C branched), -one

Question 15

What is a functional group?

Answer 15

A group of atoms that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of a compound.