4.1 Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

What are the 4 types of tissue?

Answer 1

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle and Nervous.

Question 2

Function of Epithelial tissue?

Answer 2

Lines surfaces of body. -> Act as a barrier to prevent injury, fluid loss, infection and compartmentalise internal environment. May be glandular and secrete hormones.

Question 3

How do tight junctions and desmosomes aid function of epithelial cells?

Answer 3

Desmosomes - hold epithelium together tightly -> semi-permeable cell.
Tight junction - areas of two cells whose membranes join together forming a virtually impermeable barrier to fluid.

Question 4

Characteristics of Epithelial tissue

Answer 4

• Little ECM
• Apical surface not in contact with other cells
• Basal surface attached to basement membrane
• Polarised
• Avascular

Question 5

Classification of epithelia

Answer 5

Shape classification: squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional
Layer classification: Simple, pseudo-stratified, stratified.

Question 6

What is connective tissue? Function?

Answer 6

Predominantly ECM with sparsely scattered cells. Fx: Support other tissues.

Question 7

3 types of connective tissue fibres and properties?

Answer 7

Collagenous: protein - collagen; properties - great tensile strength, elastic.
Reticular: protein - type 3 collagen; properties - labyrinth like; supports lymphoid tissue
Elastic: protein - elastin; properties - elastic

Question 8

What is ground substance?

Answer 8

Spaces between fibres and cells in connective tissue. Made of proteoglycans that has carbohydrate chains that are negatively charged -> attract water, great space fillers.

Question 9

LIST: 6 major types of connective tissue in vertebrates

Answer 9

Loose connective tissue
Dense connective tissue (AKA fibrous C.T.)
Adipose
Blood
Bone
Cartilage

Question 10

Characteristics of muscle tissue

Answer 10

Can contract on nervous and electrical stimulation.

Question 11

3 types of muscle tissue?

Answer 11

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth. (Have to know structure and location of each)

Question 12

What is the integumentary system?

Answer 12

Skin and its derivatives (hair and nails); barrier between body and outside world.

Question 13

What tissue type is responsible for mechanical pressure, temperature and pain?

Answer 13

Nervous tissue