4.1 - 4.6 Industrial Revolution terms Flashcards
urbanization
process of making areas more urban
capitalist
A person who has capital, especially invested in business enterprises, and uses it to create wealth through investment and production of goods and services within an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership
sweatshops
A factory or workshop, especially in the clothing industry, where manual workers are employed at very low wages for long hours and under poor conditions.
factory act
The Factory Act of 1819 prohibited any child under the age of 9 from working, limited the work week of children age 9 to 13 to 48 hours, and required them to attend school part-time. The law was aimed specifically at cotton mills. But once again no enforcement mechanisms were created.
In 1833 the government passed a Factory Act to improve conditions for children working in factories. Young children were working very long hours in workplaces where conditions were often terrible. The basic act was as follows:
No child works under 9 years of age
Employers must have an age certificate for their child workers
Children of 9-13 years to work no more than 9 hours a day
Children of 13-18 years to work no more than 12 hours a day
Children are not to work at night
Two hours schooling each day for children
Four factory inspectors appointed to enforce the law
tenement
A room or a set of rooms forming a separate residence within a house or block of apartments. During the Industrial Revolution, many tenements were built to house working-class families, many of whom were moving to cities to work manufacturing jobs. Other buildings, such as middle-class houses or warehouses, were repurposed as tenements.
adam smith
Used the term “laissez-faire”(“let it happen”) to name the economy because of the idea that things in the economy will level out on their own and the government doesn’t have to interfere. His ideas are the modern ideas of capitalism.
invisible hand theory
The invisible hand was between consumer and business owners that people are naturally selfish and things will naturally play out to be equal because of competition and selfishness. It applies to capitalism where if there is enough natural competition, things will naturally guide to where it’s supposed to be without needing the government to intervene in it.
outcome based ethics
Examine the outcomes in people’s lives. Consider the worker’s standard of living and the opportunity cost (what opportunities are lost when choosing a certain option.
industrialization
Industrialization is the process of transforming the economy of a nation or region from a focus on agriculture to a reliance on manufacturing. Mechanized methods of mass production are an essential component of this transition.
duty based ethics
Duty-based ethics, also known as deontological ethics, are a group of ethical theories that focus on the morality of actions themselves, rather than the consequences of those actions.
sadler report
It was a report written by Michael Sadler and showed all of the evidence of how children were being abused in factories.
Megacity
A very large city with a large population.
