4.1-4.5 Quiz Flashcards
In order to be a state, a region must have…
Defined territory with borders
▪ Permanent population
▪ Sovereign Government
▪ Recognition from other states.
What is sovereignty?
Sovereignty: the right to
complete political power
A nation is a…?
Group of people with a common identity through shared cultural
traits such as language, religion, ethnicity, and heritage.
What’s an example of a nation?
The Maasai in
East Africa live in
southern Kenya and
northern Tanzania. They
are a semi-nomadic
ethnic group with a
traditional culture and
language.
A nation-state is when…?
the borders of the nation match the borders of the state
- a state with (ideally) only one nation within it.
There are…examples of a nation-state.
“No true”
But think of…
Japan
▫ 98% Japanese, 70% Shinto & Buddhist
▪ Denmark
▫ 86.3% Danish, 75% Lutheran
▪ Iceland
▫ 81% Norse/Celtic Heritage; 67% Lutheran
A stateless nations are..?
nations of people without their own state to occupy.
A multinational state…?
is a country with various ethnicities and cultures within its
borders.
Examples of a multi national state are:
The United States, Russia, the former Yugoslavia, Iraq
A multistate nation…?
consists of a nation who has a state of its own, but stretches
across borders to other states
An example of a multistate nation:
Russia - parts of the former Soviet
Union still have ethnic Russians, like Estonia and
Ukraine
An autonomous or semi autonomous region is..?
a location within a state that is given
authority to govern independently from the national government.
Native American reservations
Sovereignty
A state’s authority to control its territory and govern itself.
Nation-state
The territory occupied by a particular nation of people is the same as
the recognized political boundary of that state.
Self- Determination
The right of all people to govern themselves. Usually a nation, ethnicity,
or former colony wants to govern themselves and establish sovereignty
over their own state.
● Oftentimes may result in independence movements or devolution.
Devolution
Due to centrifugal forces, power is shifted from the central
government or administration to regional authorities which are usually
reflective of nations.
Berlin Conference (1884)
European powers gathered to divide
up the continent of Africa and
establish borders.
▪ Europeans drew political boundaries
for their own benefits without regard
to tribal cultures and distributions.
Over time this causes conflict and
violence and impacted the
development of African countries and
other colonies.
▪ Colonialism & Imperialism
The Treaty of Versailles (1920)
This treaty was signed to end WWI. It redrew
boundaries in Europe and Southwest Asia.
▪ The German, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman
Empires were broken up and organized into
individual states with the intention of
creating nation-states.
▪ This worked in some places and resulted in
further divisions in others (specifically the
Middle East).
Establishment of Israel (1948)
Palestine, a former British colony, was
established as the state of Israel after the
Holocaust.
▪ Self-determination for Arabs across
Palestine rose and conflict has ebbed and
flowed since the state was officially
established.
▪ Palestine are recognized as a stateless
nation by many countries throughout the
world.
Decolonization & Independence Movements (1945-1990)
After the development of the United
Nations and the end of WWII, the
movement of decolonization began
around the world.
▪ Resistance to colonial power and
political self-determination gained
momentum and new countries were
formed out of previous colonial
empires.
▪ Throughout African, South Asia,
Southeast Asia and Latin America
Fall of the Soviet Union (1991)
The fall of communism and the Soviet
Union ended the Cold War and led to the
creation of newly independent states,
and changed the world balance of
power.
▪ Eastern Europe was less influenced by
the Soviet Union. (Yugoslavia, East
Germany, Poland, etc)
▪ New states include: Ukraine, Estonia,
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Lithuania, Latvia,
Belarus, Moldova, and the ‘Stans
Territoriality is
the control and influence over a specific
geographic space.
Territoriality often includes aspects such as…
▪ Historic and cultural links
▪ Governments
▪ Economics
▪ Boundaries
▪ Sovereignty
▪ Defense/military
▪ Sometimes leads to conflict.
political power
is defined as control over
people, land and resources.
▪ Doesn’t necessarily correspond to a specific geographic area with
defined boundaries.
Neocolonialism
The use of economic, political, cultural or other
pressures in order to control or influence other
countries.
Neocolonialism
Semi-Periphery and Periphery Countries
▪ Former African colonies - reliant on outside
investments for economic security.
▫ Kenya - $3.8 billion dollar railroad - Chinese
government owned company - crushing
debt - Chinese control over the railroad.
▪ Political influence - US Wars in the Middle East
Shatterbelts
Instability within a region that is
geographically located between states with
overlapping territoriality and political power.
Shatterbelts
Germany during the Cold War
▪ Balkan Peninsula - Former Yugoslavia
▫ Formerly apart of…
▫ Ottoman Empire
▫ Iron Curtain
▫ Variety of ethnicities, religions &
Languages -> Centrifugal
▫ Relative location
Choke Points
A strategic strait or canal which is
narrow, hard to pass through and
has competition for use.
Choke Points
This could be closed or blocked to
stop sea traffic and strategically
show political power or
territoriality.
▪ Essential to shipping oil, food, and
consumer products around the
world.
Antecedent
Borders that are established before
there has been major settlement by
people in a territory.
Antecedent
49th parallel that separates the
United States and Canada
Subsequent
Borders that are drawn in areas that
have been settled by people,
typically due to changes that have
occured over time.
Subsequent
Boundaries in Europe have
changed frequently throughout
history usually in response to a
new empire, war, or political
agreement.
Consequent
Type of subsequent boundary - takes into
account the existing cultural distribution of
the people living in the territory and
redevelops boundary lines to more closely
align with cultural boundaries.
Consequent
The boundary between Nunavut and
the rest of Canada - drawn in 1999,
established a province that coincided
with indigenous groups
Superimposed
Border that is drawn over existing and
accepted borders by an outside force.
Superimposed
The Berlin Conference imposed
arbitrary boundaries throughout
the continent of Africa.
Geometric
Borders that are established on straight lines
of latitude and longitude instead of physical or
cultural boundaries.
Geometric
The Sykes-Picot agreement, Europeans
split up the Arab provinces of the
Ottoman Empire after World War I.
▫ Established border between Saudi Arabia
and Iraq
▫ Also a superimposed boundary.
Relic
Border that no longer exists, but has
left some imprint on the local cultural
or environmental geography.
Relic
Boundary between East Germany
and West Germany during the Cold
War
▫ The Iron Curtain
▫ The Confederacy in the US
