4.1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define ecosystem.

A

All living organisms and physical conditions in an area

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2
Q

What is the difference between community and population?

A

Community - all the organisms present in a habitat

Population - the number of organisms in a species

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3
Q

What are the 3 groups organisms in a community can be divided into?

A

Producers - organisms that make their own food (photosynthesis)

Consumers - organisms that cannot make their own food. They eat other organisms. (e.g. all animals are consumers)

Decomposers - group of consumers who gain energy through consuming dead or decaying material

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4
Q

How is energy transferred between organisms?

A

Producers gain energy and glucose through photosynthesis, organisms eat producers and increase biomass.

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5
Q

Define biomass.

A

Total mass of an organism in an area

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6
Q

Define trophic level.

A

Each step or level in a food chain.

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7
Q

What is the difference between food webs and chains?

A

Food webs - show interlinked food chains of the different consumers and producers

Food chain - only show organisms eating one food source during biomass transfer

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8
Q

Define the 2 factors which affect an ecosystem.

A

Abiotic - non-living (physical factors) components of an ecosystem (light intensity, temperature, moisture, soil pH)

Biotic - living components of an ecoststem (interaction of organisms)

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9
Q

How does light intensity affect communities?

A

Light needed for photosynthesis, more light more producers

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10
Q

How does temperature affect communities?

A

Temperature affects enzymes which control metabolic reactions.
Plants develop quicker in warm conditions due to high metabolism, as do cold blooded animals

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11
Q

How do moisture levels affect communities?

A

Lack of water = death of animals and plants
E.g. water is main part of blood plasma, plants wilt - water needed to keep cells turgid
Water needed for photosynthesis

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12
Q

How does soil pH affect communities?

A

pH affects biological activity in soil, and mineral availability.
Some plants prefer acidic conditions, some prefer alkaline soils.

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