4.1 Flashcards
Why was there a need for a Steam Engine?
Wood and charcoal became scarce and fuel was still needed for heat. Mines that people dug into for coal would flood, and they needed an efficient way to be rid of the water
Who created the first practical Steam Engine?
Thomas Savery
Who improved upon Thomas Savery’s model? What did they add?
It now utilized atmospheric pressure to get water up and move the piston
Who created the third Steam Engine? What was different?
James Watt created a double acting piston that moved in both directions due to steam pressure
What did James Watt learn from his double acting piston. What did that start?
He learned it could be turned into a wheel which quickly sparked the industrial revolution
Who patented Steam Turbines? What is special about these turbines?
Charles Parsons. Steam Turbines do not need pistons
What did Empedocles do?
He presented the theory that all objects had the four elements inside
What is the Phlogiston theory?
Some believed that all substances had a fluid inside called Phlogiston. They believed this fluid leaked out after an object was burned, think wood to ashes
What is Caloric theory?
Caloric theory was the idea that there was a fluid within objects called ‘calories’ and it was the idea that caloric flowed from warmer to cooler objects. Think ice melting while being in water
What did Count Rumford postulate?
He postulated that there was no such thing as ‘caloric’ and that energy turned into heat. He found this out because he noticed when drilled a whole in something the metal shavings came out warm
What did Julius Mayer do?
He was a doctor who noticed the difference in blood colour between people from warm and cool climates. They had bright red and dark red blood, respectively. He reasoned that the brighter the blood the more oxygen within it. This meant that people in cooler climates used up more oxygen in their blood to heat themselves
What did James Joule do?
He had the same idea that mechanical energy could be converted into heat and had published his theories on it before Mayer. He did a pulley experiment to prove his theory
What engine do vehicles nowadays use?
Internal combustion engines (LOOK OVER THE DIAGRAM!!!)
What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only tranferred
What is Kinetic Energy?
The energy of motion
