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AP Human GEO Unit 4 > 4.1 > Flashcards

4.1 Flashcards

4.1 For world political maps A. Define the different types of political entities B. Identify a contemporary example of political entities

1
Q

Nation

A 
A group of people with a common identity through shared cultural traits such as :
Language
Religion
Ethnicity
Heritage
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2
Q

State

A 
Primary building blocks of the world political map
A state has :
Defined territory with borders
Permanent population 
Government
Sovereignty * card 7
Recognition from other states
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3
Q

Nation - State

A

When the borders of a nation match the borders of a state

* ideally a state with only one nation within it

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4
Q

Stateless Nation

A

Nation of people without a place to occupy

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5
Q

Multistate Nation

A

A nation of people that live in more than one state

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6
Q

Multinational State

A

A country with various ethnicities and cultures within its borders

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7
Q

Sovereignty

A

The right of a government to control and defend its population and determine what happens within its borders
A states authority to control its territory and govern itself

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8
Q

Self - Determination

A

The right of all people to govern themselves
Usually a nation ethnicity or former colony wants to govern themselves and establish sovereignty over their own state
Oftentimes may result in independence movements or devolution

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9
Q

Territorality

A 
The control and influence over a specific geographic space
Often includes aspects such as :
Historic and cultural links
Governments
Economics
Boundaries
Sovereignty
Defence military
Sometimes leads to conflict
Similarly political power us defined as control of people land and resources
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10
Q

Neocolonialism

A

The use of
Economic
Political
Cultural
Or other pressures in order to control or influence other countries
Semi periphery and periphery countries
Former African colonies reliant on outside investments for economic security

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11
Q

Shatterbelt

A

Instability within a region that is geographically located between states with overlapping territory or political power

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12
Q

Choke point

A

A strategic straight or canal which is narrow hard to pass through and has competition for use
Could be closed or blocked to stop sea traffic and strategically show political power and territorality
Essential to shipping oil food and consumer products all around the world

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13
Q

Antecedent Borders

A

Borders the are established before there has been major settlement of people in a territory

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14
Q

Subsequent Boundary

A

Borders that are drawn in areas that have been settled by people typically due to changes that have occurred over time

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15
Q

Consequent Boundary

A

Type of subsequent boundary that takes into account the existing cultural distribution of the people living in the territory and redevelops boundary lines to more closely aligned with cultural boundaries

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16
Q

Superimposed Boundary

A

Borders that are drawn over existing an accepted borders by an outside force

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17
Q

Geometric Boundaries

A

Borders that are established on straight lines of latitude and longitude instead of physical or cultural boundaries

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18
Q

Relict Boundary

A

Order that no longer exist but has left some imprint on the local culture or environmental geography

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19
Q

4 Steps To Boundary Creation

A

19a define
19b delimit
19c demarcation
19d administrative

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20
Q

19a Defined

A

Countries legally defined and agreed to where borders are located through an agreement or treaty

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21
Q

19b Delimited

A

Identifying the location of the defined boundaries on a map

Usually at the same time that boundaries are defined and done through a legal designation

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22
Q

19c Demarcation

A

Visible markings of the landscape with objects such as fences or signs

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23
Q

19d Administered

A

Legal management of the border through laws immigration regulation documentation and prosecution

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24
Q

The United Nations Convention On The Law Of The Seas

A

1982

UNCLOS

25
Q

21 Territorial Sea

A

12 nautical miles from the coastline
Complete sovereignty authority over the water and air space
Permission of innocent passage by foreign ships

26
Q

Exclusive Economic Zone

A

EEZ
200 nautical miles off coastline
Estate has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources such as fishing whaling as well as natural resources like natural gas oil and energy

27
Q

Census

A

Done every 10 years
Mandated by Constitution
Official population plus age race sex
Determine federal and state funding for planning and providing services and building and maintaining infrastructure
Schools roads Waste Management hospitals libraries public transportation

28
Q

Reappointment

A

Process in which US House of Representatives are reallocated to different states based off population change
Congressional districts there are for the US House of Representatives 435

29
Q

Redistricting

A

Safe internal political boundaries that determine voting districts for the US House of Representatives and the state legislator are changed to accurately reflect new census data

30
Q

Voting district

A

A geographic term used by state and local governments to organize elections drawn by state legislators

31
Q

Gerrymandering

A

Redistricting for a political advantage over when the political party that conducts a majority of seats in the state legislator draws political district boundaries to maintain or extend their political power

32
Q

Packing

A

Clustering like-minded voters in a single district thereby allowing the other party to when the remaining districts

33
Q

Cracking

A

Dispersing like-minded voters among multiple districts in order to minimize their impact and prevent them from gaining a majority

34
Q

Electoral College Number

A

Electoral college

35
Q

Electoral College

A

Electors in electoral college 538

Congressional districts 435

36
Q

Oregon Districts

A

7 votes
5 congressional districts
2 state senators

37
Q

Data for Electoral College

A

State gets votes districts it has +7 senators

Presidency one with 270 votes

38
Q

Unitary Government

A

A style of government in which the power is located centralized and the purpose of regional or local units is to carry out policy
Regional and local political units exist but often do not act independently to make laws or policy
Extension of central government

39
Q

Federal Government

A

A style of government in which power is shared between central regional and local governments Regional and local governments have autonomy and authority to administrate there are spaces in order to account for needs of diverse groups

40
Q

Devolution

A

Due to centrifugal forces
Power is shifted from the central government or administration to regional authorities usually reflective of nations to avoid conflict
States must concede some power to autonomous regions or sub-national political units

41
Q

Physical Geography

A

Regions that are separated from the Central State due to physical features such as mountain ranges deserts or bodies of water
Fragmented states

42
Q

Ethnic Separatism

A

People of a particular ethnicity in a multinational State identify more strongly with their ethnic group than citizens of the state
Result of mistreatment or disparity between dominant and minority ethnic groups within a state

43
Q

Ethnic Cleansing

A

State governments attack and ethnic group in an attempt to try to eliminate them through expulsion imprisonment mass murder
Similar to genocide

44
Q

Terrorism

A

Organized violence aimed at government and civilian targets intended to create fear in order to accomplish political aims
Usually used by non-government organizations to achieve power

45
Q

Irredentism

A

A majority ethnic group wants to claim territory from a neighboring state due to shared culture with the people residing across the border
Reunification of Multistate Nation

46
Q

Supranational Organizations

A

An alliance of three or more states that work together in pursuit of common goals
Economic social cultural political military environmental
Typically regional

47
Q

European Union

A

EU

48
Q

NATO

A

NATO

49
Q

Compact States

A 
Efficient
Theoretically round
Capital in center
Shortest possible boundaries to
Defend improved communication
50
Q

Prorupted States

A

Large projecting extension
Sometimes natural
Could be to gain a resource or advantage

51
Q

Elongated States

A

States that are long and narrow
Poor communication
Isolated capital

52
Q

Fragmented States

A

Several discontinuous pieces of territory separated by land or water

53
Q

Perforated States

A

A country that completely surrounds another state

Exclave the surrounding territory

54
Q

Enclave Exclave

A

Enclave surrounded territory

Exclave surrounding territory

55
Q

Microstate

A

A sovereign state having a very small population or very small land area

56
Q

Landlocked States

A

States without access to water

57
Q

Centripetal Forces

A 
Characteristics that unifier country and provide stability
Common
Language
Ethnicity
Religion
58
Q

Centrifugal forces

A

Characteristics that divide a country and create instability conflict and violence
Multiple competing ethnicities languages religions

AP Human GEO Unit 4 (2 decks)

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