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PSYCH 460 - CHILD DEVELOPMENT > 405 EXAM 3 > Flashcards

405 EXAM 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Parasuicide

A

suicide attempt that does not result in death

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2
Q

death seekers

A

clearly intend to end life, clear in advance (can still change)

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3
Q

death initiators

A

clearly intend to end life but act out of belief that process of death already underway and they are just speeding it up - elderly, ill

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4
Q

death ignorers

A

don’t believe their self-inflicted death will mean end of existence – trading present life for better (heaven, afterlife)

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5
Q

death darers

A

experience mixed feelings, or ambivalence, about their intent, even at moment of attempt and show it in the act –> to some degree they want to die but risk-taking behavior doesn’t guarantee it

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6
Q

subintentional deaths

A

death in which an individual has played an indirect, hidden, partial, or unconcsious role –> drugs, alcohol

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7
Q

nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI)

A

direct and deliberate destruction of one’s own body tissue that is not accompanied by an intent to die –> cutting, burning self

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8
Q

retrospective analysis

A

psychological autopsy in which clinicians piece together information about a person’s suicide from person’s past

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9
Q

dichotomous thinking

A

viewing problems and solutions in rigid either/or terms

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10
Q

social contagion effect

A

increases in suicide for people that are friends or relatives pf someone who died by suicide

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11
Q

psychodynamic view of suicide

A

suicide results from depression and from anger at others that redirects toward self - murder in 180th degree

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12
Q

Durkheim’s Sociocultural View

A

probability of suicide determined by how attached a person is to such social groups - more thoroughly they belong, lower risk of suicide

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13
Q

egoistic suicide

A

carried out by people over whom society has little or no control, not concerns with norms/rules of society and aren’t integrated into social fabric
- isolated, alienated, non-religious

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14
Q

altruistic suicides

A

by people who are also so well integrated into society that they intentionally sacrifice their life for it’s wellbeing
- kamikaze

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15
Q

anomic suicides

A

by people whose social environments fall to provide stable structures to support or give meaning to life
-have been let down by society

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16
Q

anomie

A

without law - leaves people without sense of belonging

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17
Q

interpersonal theory of suicide

A

a theory that asserts that people with perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and a psychological capability to carry out suicide are the most likely to attempt suicide

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18
Q

cluster suicides

A

extreme suicide rates in communities, more exposure, disrupted, observe models, and risk for suicide contagion

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19
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

marked by pursuit of extreme thinness and extreme weight loss

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20
Q

restricting type anorexia nervosa

A

cutting out junk food and then other foods

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21
Q

binge-eating/purging type anorexia nervosa

A

eating binges and then force vomiting

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22
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence of menstrual cycles

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23
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

disorder marked by frequent eating binges followed by forced vomiting or extreme compensatory behaviors to avoid gaining weight

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24
Q

binges

A

episode of uncontrollable eating during which a person ingests a very large quantity of food
2000-3400 clories, feel powerless to stop and then immediate shame

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25
binge-eating disorder
disorder marked by frequent binges without extreme compensatory behaviors -around half become overweight/obese
26
multidimensional risk perspective to explain EDs
several factors and the more that are present, more likely to develop ED
27
psychodynamic factors - ego definciencies
argues disturbed parent-child interactions lead to ego deficiencies in child and to sever perceptual disturbances that jointly produce eDs
28
effective parents
accurately attend to children's biological and emotional needs, give food when crying from hunger and comfort when fair
29
ineffective parents
fail to attend to needs, don't correctly interpret child's actual condition - child doesn't have accurate self reliance - learn helplessness and than over control eating habits
30
dysfunctional brain circuit structures in EDs
insula - large and active orbitofrontal cortex - uncommonly larger stratium - hyperactive prefrontal cortex - small
31
hypothalamus
brain structure that helps regulate various bodily functions including eating and hunger
32
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
brain region that produces hunger when activated
33
Ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
brain region that depresses hunger when activated
34
glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)
natural appetite suppressant
35
weight set point
the weight level that a person is predisposed to maintain controlled in part by the hypothalamus
36
enmeshed family patterns
family system in which members are over involved with each others affairs and overly concerned about each others welfare
37
muscularity-oriented disordered eating behaviors
excessive eating and efforts to bulk up (excessive weights, steroids) - muscle dysmorphia/reverse anorexia
37
tolerance
brain and body's need for ever-larger doses of a drug to produce earlier effects
37
withdrawal
unpleasant, sometimes dangerous reactions that may occur when people who lose a drug regularly stop taking it or reduce dosage
37
depressants
slow activity of CNS, reduce tension and inhibitions, interfere with judgement, motor activity, and concentration -alcohol, opiods, sedative-hypnotic drugs
37
motivational interviewing
treatment that uses empathy and inquiring review to help motivate clients to recognize they have serious psychological problem and commit to making constructive choices and behavior changes
37
nutritional rehabilitation
help eliminate their B-P patterns and establish healthful eating habits
37
substance intoxication
cluster of temporary undesirable behavioral or psychological changes that develop during or shortly after the ingestion of a substance
37
sedative-hypnotic drugs/anxiolytics
drugs that calm people at lower doses and help them fall asleep at higher doses
38
substance use disorder
a pattern of maladaptive behaviors and reactions brought about by repeated use of a substance , sometimes also including tolerance for substance and withdrawal reactions - may become physically dependent
38
delirium tremens (DTs)
a dramatic alcohol withdrawal reaction that consists of confusion, clouded consciousness, and visual hallucinations
38
barbituates
addictive sleep-inducing drugs that reduce anxiety and help sleep --> no longer used
38
benzodiazepines
most common group of anti-anxiety drugs - Valium/Xanax
38
alcohol
any beverage containing ethyl alcohol that is quickly absorbed into stomach and into bood that slows functioning and shuts down inhibitory messages of GABA
39
opiods
drugs derived from opium and similiar synthetic drugs - heroin, morphine, and lab synthetic - methadome and fentanyl
40
opium
highly addictive substance derived from opium poppy
41
morphine
a highly addictive substance derived from opium that is particularly effective in relieving pain
42
heroin
one of most addictive substances derived from opium - illegal except for medical purposes
43
endorphins
neurotransmitters that help relieve pain and reduce emotional tension
44
stimulants
increase activity of CNS, heighten blood pressure, heart rate, alertness, sped up behavior -cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine, caffeine
45
cocaine
an addictive stimulant obtained from the coca plant, most powerful stimulant known brings euphoric rush by increasing supplies of dopamine, noreprinephrine, and seratonin
46
freebasing
technique for ingesting cocaine in which the pure cocaine basic alkaloid is chemically separated from processed cocaine, vaporized by heat from a flame and inhaled with a pipe
47
crack
a powerful, ready to stimulate freebase cocaine
48
amphetamines
a stimulant drug that is manufactured in the lab --> Benzadine, Aderall
49
methamphetamine
a powerful amphetamine drug that has surged in popularity in recent years, posing major health and law enforcement problems -- meth
50
caffeine
world's most widely used stimulant - stimulated CNS, arousal, reduces fatigue
51
hallucinogens
a substance that causes powerful changes primarily in sensory perceptions including strengthening perceptions and producing illusions and hallucinogens -psychedelic drug -produce trips that are sensations out of the ordinary
52
LSD - lysergic acid diethylamide
hallucinogen derived from ergot alkiloids can cause synesthesia
53
MDMA
popular stimulant drug that produces hallucinogenic effects --> ecstasy -both a stimulant and hallucinogen
54
cannabis
drugs produced from varieties of hemp plant cannabis - cause mixture of hallucinogenic, depressant, and stimulant effects
55
marijuana
mixture of hallucinogenic, depressant, stimulant effects
56
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
main active ingredient of cannabis substance -- most responsible for psychoactive effects
57
synergistic effect
an increase of effects that occurs when more than one substance is acting on the body at the same time
58
sociocultural views of SUD
living under stressful conditions, SES, unemployment
59
psychodynamic views of SUD
powerful dependency traced to childhood, child not satisfied with their needs so needs need to be nurtured from somewhere else - some respond to deprivations by developing SUD that makes them prone to drug abuse
60
Cognitive - Behavioral View od SUD
operant conditioning, drug has rewarding effect
61
Biological Views of SUD
genetic predisposition neurotransmitters brain's reward circuit
62
reward circuit
dopamine rich circuit in the brain that produces feelings of pleasure of activated
63
incentive stimulation theory
neurons in brain circuit fire more rapidly when stimulated by substances --> future desires for them
64
reward deficiency syndrome
people who chronically use drugs --> reward circuit not readily activated so need drugs to stimulate it
65
aversion therapy
treatment in which clients are repeatedly presented with unpleasant stimuli while they are performing undesirable behaviors such as taking drug -paired with induced vomiting, nausea
66
relapse prevention training
an approach to treating alcohol use disorder in which clients taught to plan ahead and to apply coping strategies in situations that typically trigger excessive drinking
67
detoxification
systematic and medically supervised withdrawal from a drug - gradually withdrawing or other drugs to reduce symptoms
68
antagonist drugs
drugs that block or change the effects of an addictive drug -Antabuse (Disulfirum) for alcohol
69
naloxine
widely used opioid antagonist drug - Narcan - attach to endorphin sites making it impossible for opioids to affect is
70
methadone maintenance programs
treatment in which clients are given legally and medically supervised doses of methadone - a heroin substitute to treat opioid use disorder
71
Lifetime Prevalance of Anorexia Nervosa
0.6%
72
Lifetime Prevelance of Bulimia Nervosa
1%
73
Lifetime Prevelance of Binge Eating Disorder
2.8%
74
Yearly prevelance of Substance abuse disorder
17.1%
75
Yearly prevalence of Alcohol use disorder
10.6%
76
average duration of EDs
7 years
77
yearly suicides
49,500
78
yearly deaths by overdose
110,000
79
percentage of deaths by overdoses caused by opioids
75%
80
Suicide researcher - created 4 types of people who commit
Schneidmann
81
LGBTQ+ teens _____ likely to have suicidal thoughts or attempts
3X
82
method that means if an individual attempts and survives, they are least likely to try again
poisoning
83
Portion of Americans who support assisted suicides for terminally ill
two-thirds
84
Psychache
feeling of intolerable psychological pain
85
Brain role in suicide
low seretonin and brain circuit dysfunction
86
American group/population iwth highest rates of suicide
Native Americans
87
percent of suicides that people were legally intoxicated
25%
88
how much more likely is a completed suicide for those in extended drug use
7 times more likely
89
theorist that stated enmeshed family patterns often lead to EDs
Salvador Minuchin
90
which nutrient could be lost with frequent vomiting and chronic diarhea by BN
potassium
91
percent of those recovered from AN who still remain severely troubled for years
25%
92
blocking GLP-1 receptors in hypothalamus would cause
increase in appetite
93
In genetic linkage studies for SUD, this receptor is abnormal
D2
94
antagonistic action
2 drugs that act in opposite ways
95
percentage of the U.S. population, over the age of 11, binge drinks each month
25%
96

PSYCH 460 - CHILD DEVELOPMENT (3 decks)

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