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NURS 405 Exam 1 > 404 Exam 1 > Flashcards

404 Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Gamete

A

a reproductive (sex) cell (sperm and eggs)

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2
Q

Fertilization

A

the process of sexual reproduction in which a male gamete and female gamete fuse to make a new cell

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3
Q

Zygote

A

cell resulting from fertilization

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4
Q

Diploid (2n)

A

cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes

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5
Q

Haploid (n)

A

cell that contains only a single set of genes

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6
Q

apoptosis

A

the process of programmed cell death

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7
Q

differentiation

A

process by which cells become specialized in structure and function

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8
Q

anterior pituitary releases which hormones?

A

FSH and LH

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9
Q

phases of ovarian cycle

A
  1. follicular (before day 14; FSH and estrogen release)

2. Luteal (after day 14; LH and progesterone)

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10
Q

phases of uterine cycle

A
  1. menstrual (before day 14)
  2. proliferative (before day 14)
  3. secretory (after day 14)
  4. ischemic (after day 14)
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11
Q

modifiable risk factors prior to pregnancy

A

obesity, alcohol, smoking, drugs, activity, stress, abusive relationships

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12
Q

physical assessment prior to conceiving

A

breast, pelvic (pap, cervix, uterus)

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13
Q

taking 400 mcg folic acid prevents:

A

neural tube defects (i.e. spina bifida (most common), anencephaly)

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14
Q

reproductive cycle with hormones:

A

hypothalamus - GnRH - anterior pituitary - FSH & LH - ovary - estrogen & progesterone - uterus

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15
Q

zygotic stage

A

the zygote is formed when the male gamete (sperm) and female gamete (egg) fuse

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16
Q

blastocyst stage

A

the single-celled zygote begins to divide into a solid ball of cells. then it becomes a hollow ball of cells (the blastocyst) attaching to the lining of the mother’s uterus

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17
Q

embryonic stage

A

the major internal organs and external features begin to emerge, forming an embryo. in this stage the heart, brain, and spinal cord become visible. arms and legs start to develop

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18
Q

fetal stage

A

once the formed features of the embryo begin to grow and develop, the organism is considered a fetus. differentiation and specialization of structures happens during this time.

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19
Q

pre-embryonic phase timing

A

fertilization - day 14 (implantation is around day 7)

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20
Q

embryonic phase timing

A

day 15 - 8th week

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21
Q

fetal phase timing

A

end of 8th week - birth

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22
Q

fertilization occurs at the

A

ampulla

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23
Q

fetal development

A

zygote - blastocyst - embryo - fetus

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24
Q

baby is vulnerable to teratogens during which phase

A

embryonic

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25
Q

teratogen definition

A

agent or factor (chemical, infection, etc) that causes malformation of an embryo

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26
Q

three germ layers that form during embryonic development

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

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27
Q

embryonic membranes

A

chorion and amnion

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28
Q

shiny schultz placenta side

A

amnion, fetal side

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29
Q

role of the placenta

A

metabolic and nutrient exchange between the embryonic and maternal circulations

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30
Q

placenta location

A

develops at the site where the embryo attaches to uterine wall

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31
Q

when does the placenta develop?

A

3rd week of embryonic development; becomes discreet organ at 14 weeks and continues to grow until week 20

32
Q

permeability of placenta

A

minimal permeability during first 3-5 months, then increases until last month

33
Q

metabolic activities of placenta

A

hormone production, stores glycogen and iron

34
Q

transport function of placenta

A

simple diffusion, facilitated and active transport

35
Q

endocrine function of placenta

A

produces hCG, hPL, estrogen and progesterone (all of which are vital to survival of fetus)

36
Q

immunologic properties of placenta

A

exempt from reaction from the host

37
Q

fetal respiration function of placenta

A

the fetus does not breathe in utero, placenta provides gas exchange

38
Q

nutrition function of placenta

A

provides nutrients from mother to embryo/fetus

39
Q

excretion function of placenta

A

removes waste from fetus

40
Q

functions of amniotic fluid

A

cushion to protect baby, controls temperature of baby, permits symmetrical growth of the baby, prevents adherence of amnion to embryo/fetus, allows for fetal movement, acts as an extension of fetal extracellular space, acts as wedge during labor, provides fluid for analysis to determine fetal health and maturity

41
Q

umbilical cord is formed from the

A

amnion

42
Q

most common insertion into placenta

A

central

43
Q

name of mucoid connective tissue surrounding blood vessels in umbilical cord

A

Wharton’s jelly

44
Q

definition of nuchal cord

A

cord encircles the fetal neck

45
Q

vessels in umbilical cord

A

1 vein, 2 arteries (AVA)

46
Q

The umbilical cord is formed from

A

the amnion

47
Q

length of pregnancy

A

10 lunar months (40 weeks); post conception is 38 weeks

48
Q

gestation

A

length of pregnancy from LMP

49
Q

stillbirth

A

20+ weeks

50
Q

late preterm

A

34+0 - 36+6

51
Q

early term

A

37+0 - 38+6

52
Q

full term

A

39+0 - 40+6

53
Q

late term

A

41+0 - 41+6

54
Q

preterm labor

A

after 20 weeks, through 36 weeks

55
Q

antepartum

A

prenatal/pregnancy

56
Q

intrapartum

A

labor - birth

57
Q

postpartum

A

delivery of placenta to 6 weeks after birth

58
Q

gravida

A

number of pregnancies

59
Q

para

A

any births after 20 weeks

60
Q

nulligravida

A

never been pregnant

61
Q

primigravida

A

first pregnancy

62
Q

multigravida

A

second+ pregnancies

63
Q

nullipara

A

woman with no births > 20 weeks

64
Q

primipara

A

had 1 birth at >20 weeks

65
Q

multipara

A

had 2+ births at >20 weeks

66
Q

grandmultigravida

A

3+ pregnancies

67
Q

grandmultipara

A

3+ births >20 weeks

68
Q

when the heart beat begins

A

4 weeks

69
Q

when all body organs are formed

A

8 weeks

70
Q

quickening defined (at 20 weeks)

A

fetal movement

71
Q

what does brown fat do (at 20 weeks)

A

energy conservation, temperature stability, protection

72
Q

purpose of lanugo (at 20 weeks)

A

prevents damage from amniotic fluid and toxins

73
Q

when does the fetus reach viability

A

24 weeks

74
Q

when does surfactant form

A

28 weeks (for good lung development)

75
Q

considered term at:

A

38 weeks

NURS 405 Exam 1 (2 decks)

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