40-Hour Training Flashcards
What are the 7 dimensions of ABA?
Applied, Behavioral, Analytic, Technological, Conceptual, Effective, Generality.
In the 7 dimensions of ABA, what does APPLIED mean?
The intervention deals with a problem of social importance.
In the 7 dimensions of ABA, what does BEHAVIORAL mean?
Changes can be observed and measured.
In the 7 dimensions of ABA, what does ANALYTIC mean?
Interventions can be objectively demonstrated as the cause for a change in behavior.
In the 7 dimensions of ABA, what does TECHNOLOGICAL mean?
Intervention is described well.
In the 7 dimensions of ABA, what does CONCEPTUAL mean?
Intervention is based on specific theory.
In the 7 dimensions of ABA, what does EFFECTIVE mean?
Produced robust and important effects.
In the 7 dimensions of ABA, what does GENERALITY mean?
The intervention is designed to operate in a new environment and continue effects after formal treatment.
What are the 2 types of reinforcement?
Positive: a stimulus is provided.
Negative: the removal of an aversive circumstance.
What is a deprivation state?
The person cannot have something they want, whenever they want it.
What is the difference between a primary and secondary reinforcer?
The primary reinforcer has a natural value, like food and drinks. The seconday reinforcer’s value needs to be taught, like money.
What are the different types of punishment?
Positive: a stimulus is provided which reduced behavior.
Negative: something is taken away.
What is the 3-term-contingency?
- ANTECEDENT: happens before a behavior.
- BEHAVIOR: a result of the antecendent.
- CONSEQUENCE: the result of the behavior.
What is a discriminative stimuli (SD)?
A stimuli designed to evoke an individual to engage in a particular behavior. If the reinforcer is given immediately, a connection is made between the SD and the reinforcer.
How is a discriminative stimuli (SD) different from an antecedent?
An antecedent can simply exist in the environment. It may or may not encourage the desired behavior.
How do motivating operations (MO) influence consequences?
MO’s can increase or decrease a consquence. Ex: Being hungry makes food more motivating.
What is functional communication training?
Teaching individuals to replace challenging behaviors with communication.
What are the steps of functional communication training?
- Identify the function.
- Identify a communication behavior that served the same function.
- Identify the easiest communication method.
- Teach the learner.
- Reinforce.
What is task analysis?
Breaking a skill down into component parts.
What are the steps of shaping?
- Precicely define the behavior to be shaped.
- Identify reinforcers.
- Start plan at or just above learner’s level.
- Identify increments.
What are reinforcement strategies?
- Prompts
- Punishers
- Reinforcers
What is differential reinforcement?
Encouraging behaviors alternative or incompatible with the problem behavior.
What are the 3 types of differential reinforcement?
- Differential reinforcement of ALTERNATIVE behavior (DRA).
- Differential reinforcement of INCOMPATIBLE behavior (DRI).
- Differential reinforcement of OTHER behavior (DRO).
What is shaping?
Successive approximations of a large behavior.
What is extinction?
Ignoring a behavior to reduce it. Preventing any reinforcement for a behavior.
What is escape extinction?
Denying any opportunity for the individual to escape.
What is an extinction burst?
A behavior temporarily increases before it starts to decline.
What is an extinction burst?
A behavior temporarily increases before it starts to decline.
What is response blocking?
Blocking the individual from harming themselves while providing no verbal and minimal visual feedback.
What is stimulus control?
Occurs when an individual behaves one way in the presence of a stimulus and another way in its absence. If the behavior occurs as a result of the stimulus presented, it can be said that stimulus control exists between the stimulus and the behavior.
What does operant conditioning teach?
Operant conditioning teaches that consequences exert control over whether a behavior occurs again.
What is a distant antecedent?
Distant antecedents set the occasion of the display of the behavior or determine if the reinforcer will be effective. Some can be categorized as motivating operations.
Can distant antecedents have stimulus control?
Yes.
What is stimulus discrimination training?
The development of stimulus control, teaching what is intended.
What is a stimulus delta? S(delta)
The stimulus delta is not intended to evoke the behavior. It can be used as a distractor. Ex: colored cards.
What are stimulus classes?
A set of stimuli that shares a common attribute. Ex: the concept of “red.” Several items that are red must be used as stimuli to evoke the correct response to the SD: “touch red.”
When does stimulus equivalence occur?
When a response occurs correctly in the presence of stimulus the individual has not been trained or reinforced with.
What are the 3 types of stimulus equivalence?
- REFLEXIVITY: stimulus is matched to a target response with a stimulus delta present. Ex: A=A
- SYMMETRY: stimulus and response can be reversed. Ex: A=B, untrained B=A
- TRANSIVITY: occurs as a result of training 2 other stimulus relations. Ex: A=B, B=C, untrained A=C
What is stimulus salience?
Important or prominent stimulus in the environment. Ex: SD is delivered by a familiar RBT, the individual responds well. If the familiar RBT is not present, the child does not respond very well.
What is masking?
When one variable blocks the individual from responding to the intended stimulus. Masking helps decrease STIMULUS SALIENCE.
What is overshadowing?
When a stimulus is designed to help interfere with another stimulus. Overshadowing helps decrease STIMULUS SALIENCE.
What is prompt dependency?
When the individual becomes dependent on the prompt.
What are the two types of prompt fading?
- MOST-TO-LEAST PROMPT FADING: moving from most intrusive to least intrusive prompts.
- LEAST-TO-MOST PROMPT FADING: moving from least intrusive to most intrusive prompts.
Define: Fixed Ratio
Reinforcement schedule. Reinforcer is delivered after a fixed # of correct responses.
Define: Fixed Interval
Reinforcement schedule. Reinforce when behavior occurs for a certain amount of time.
Define: Variable Ratio
Reinforcement schedule. Reinforce after unpredictable # of responses, occurs based on average amount of times behavior is displayed.
Define: Variable Interval
Reinforcement schedule. Reinforce after unpredictable time, occurs based on average amount of time behavior occurs.
What are the 4 types of reinforcement schedules?
- Fixed Ratio (FR#)
- Fixed Interval (FI#)
- Variable Ratio (VR#)
- Variable Interval (VI#)
What is a continuous reinforcement schedule?
Reinforcement is provided every time the behavior is exhibited (FR1).
