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review Q's by me > 40: antifolic, quinolones, other > Flashcards

40: antifolic, quinolones, other Flashcards

1
Q

trimethroprim used for?

A

bacterial prostatitis, vaginitis

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2
Q

IV fluoroquinolones?

A

CLM

ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin
moxifloxacin

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3
Q

Crystalluria is an adverse effect of?

A

sulfonamides

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4
Q

2 antibiotics forming trivalent, divalent cations?

A

tetracycline

fluoroquinolones

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5
Q

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole concentration?

A

best synergistic at 20:1 in plasma, to get this administer 5:1

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6
Q

Broad spectrum fluoroquinolones? (3)

A

levofloxacin
moxifloxacin
gemifloxacin

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7
Q

Patient had surgery, now as SSTI by MRSA - what to use? (and RoA of the drug?)

A

daptomycin

RoA: IV

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8
Q

S saprophyticus - UTI - what will u use?

A

nitrofurantoin

e coli, klebsiella pneumonia, enterococcus faecalis, s saprophyticus

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9
Q

For treatment of gram positive drug resistant bacteria we use? (5 drugs)

A 
daptomycin
quinipristin-dalfopristin
vancomycin
linezolid
tigecycline
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10
Q

Sulfacetamide is used for? (3 things)

A

blephritis
conjunctivitis
trachoma

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11
Q

Which antibiotic inhibits DNA gyrase in gram negative?

A

fluoroquinolones

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12
Q

Which antibiotic should NOT be used for treatment of pneumonia and why?

A

daptomycin

because it binds to surfactant

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13
Q

Lower UTI - what will u use?

A

nitrofurantoin

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14
Q

Most commonly prescribed antibiotic for bacterial corneal ulcers is?

A

fluoroquinolones

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15
Q

MOA of daptomycin

A

inserts lipophillic tail into cell membrane causing efflux of K , depolarization and arrest of nucleic acid/protein synthesis

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16
Q

Treatment for c difficile diarrhea?

To prevent relapse?

A

treatment of choice: metronidazole
severe infection: vancomycin
prevent relapse after treatment: fidoxomicin

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17
Q

Post-Exposure to anthrax we use?

A

ciprofloxacin

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18
Q

Preferred antibiotic for treatment of bacterial diarrhea by shigella salmonella?

A

fluoroquinolones (cipro)

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19
Q

Pneumocystis jiroveci - what will u use?

A

TMP-SMX

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20
Q

Which fluoroquinolone is only available as topical ocular application?

A

gatifloxacin

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21
Q

3 antibiotics for treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis?

A
  • TMP-SMX
  • nitrofurantoin
  • fosfomycin
22
Q

Reserved for severe complicated cystitis / UTI?

A

fluoroquinolones

23
Q

Adverse effects of polymyxin B? - (two)

A

neurotoxic , nephrotoxic

24
Q

Ciprofloxacin active against: gram negative , gram positive or both?

A

gram negative only (narrow)

25
Q

Hepatic encephalopathy - what will u use?

A

rifaximin

26
Q

Which antibiotic exhibits a long post-antibiotic effect?

A

fluoroquinolones

27
Q

If local e coli resistance to TMP-SMX is more than 20% what options do u have?

A

fosfomycin

nitrofurantoin

28
Q

N-acetylation?

A

sulfonamides

29
Q

Fluoroquinolones are broad spectrum, what bacterias is it effective against?

A 
gram negative
enteric gram - bacilli
acid fast bacilli
psuedomonas aeruginosa
gonococci
30
Q

2 antibiotics for traveler’s diarrhea?

A

rifaximin

ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone)

31
Q

Which antibiotic is effective against mycobacteria because it induces neutrophils?

A

fluoroquinolones

32
Q

Right sided endocarditis - what to use?

A

daptomycin

33
Q

To relieve symptoms of IBS what will you use?

A

rifamixin

34
Q

Tendon rupture adverse effect of?

A

fluoroquinolones

35
Q 
Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole is indicated for all except:
E coli
Klebsiella
Nocardia asteroides
M catarrhalis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
Shigella
A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

36
Q

For treatment of community-acquired pneumonia by pneumococci we can use?

A

fluoroquinolones

37
Q

Which is a cyclic lipopeptide? Used for vancomycin resistant enterococcus?

A

daptomycin

38
Q

ROA of TMP-SMX?

A

oral and IV

39
Q

Patient has numbness and tingling sensation, and also experiences shooting pain in limbs, hands , feet - he is probably using which antibiotic at the moment?

A

fluoroquinolones

40
Q

If nitrofurantoin causes GI irritation what can be done to avoid this adverse effect?

A

use macrocrystalline formulation

41
Q

Nitrofurantoin adverse effects? - all four?

A

GI irritation
pulmonary fibrosis
hepatitis
hematologic toxicity

42
Q

Polymyxin - indications?

A

gram negative bacilli
including: pseudomonas aeruginosa
skin/ocular infections

43
Q

2 antibiotics that prolong QT interval? (1 you should know, 2 hint: mycobacterial agent)

A
  1. fluoroquinolones

2. bendaquiline (antimycobacterial)

44
Q

In patients with G6PDH def, hemolytic anemia can be because of which antibiotic?

A

sulfonamide

45
Q

Muscle toxicity is caused by?

A

daptomycin

46
Q

Contraindication of fluoroquinolones? (4 types of people it’s not used in?)

A
  1. children
  2. adolscents
  3. nursing mothers
  4. pregnant women
47
Q

Which antibiotic inhibits RNA polymerase?

a. Polymyxin B
b. Daptomycin
c. Fidaxomicin
d. TMP-SMX

A

fidaxomicin

48
Q

RoA of polymyxin

A

IV and Topical

49
Q

Ciprofloxacin interacts with? (2 things)

A

caffeine

theophylline

50
Q

What is the mechanism of resistance to fluoroquinolones? (3)

A
  1. alterations in enzymes (DNA gyrase / Topoisomerase IV)
  2. decreased porins
  3. efflux pump
51
Q

Polymyxin B is available as topical to be used in combo with? (3 drugs)

A
  1. bacitracin
  2. neomycin
  3. trimethoprim
52
Q

Silver ointment available for which antibiotics, what is it used for?

A

availale for: sulfadiazine

used for: superficial skin/ burn infections

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