40: antifolic, quinolones, other Flashcards
trimethroprim used for?
bacterial prostatitis, vaginitis
IV fluoroquinolones?
CLM
ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin
moxifloxacin
Crystalluria is an adverse effect of?
sulfonamides
2 antibiotics forming trivalent, divalent cations?
tetracycline
fluoroquinolones
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole concentration?
best synergistic at 20:1 in plasma, to get this administer 5:1
Broad spectrum fluoroquinolones? (3)
levofloxacin
moxifloxacin
gemifloxacin
Patient had surgery, now as SSTI by MRSA - what to use? (and RoA of the drug?)
daptomycin
RoA: IV
S saprophyticus - UTI - what will u use?
nitrofurantoin
e coli, klebsiella pneumonia, enterococcus faecalis, s saprophyticus
For treatment of gram positive drug resistant bacteria we use? (5 drugs)
daptomycin quinipristin-dalfopristin vancomycin linezolid tigecycline
Sulfacetamide is used for? (3 things)
blephritis
conjunctivitis
trachoma
Which antibiotic inhibits DNA gyrase in gram negative?
fluoroquinolones
Which antibiotic should NOT be used for treatment of pneumonia and why?
daptomycin
because it binds to surfactant
Lower UTI - what will u use?
nitrofurantoin
Most commonly prescribed antibiotic for bacterial corneal ulcers is?
fluoroquinolones
MOA of daptomycin
inserts lipophillic tail into cell membrane causing efflux of K , depolarization and arrest of nucleic acid/protein synthesis
Treatment for c difficile diarrhea?
To prevent relapse?
treatment of choice: metronidazole
severe infection: vancomycin
prevent relapse after treatment: fidoxomicin
Post-Exposure to anthrax we use?
ciprofloxacin
Preferred antibiotic for treatment of bacterial diarrhea by shigella salmonella?
fluoroquinolones (cipro)
Pneumocystis jiroveci - what will u use?
TMP-SMX
Which fluoroquinolone is only available as topical ocular application?
gatifloxacin
3 antibiotics for treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis?
- TMP-SMX
- nitrofurantoin
- fosfomycin
Reserved for severe complicated cystitis / UTI?
fluoroquinolones
Adverse effects of polymyxin B? - (two)
neurotoxic , nephrotoxic
Ciprofloxacin active against: gram negative , gram positive or both?
gram negative only (narrow)
Hepatic encephalopathy - what will u use?
rifaximin
Which antibiotic exhibits a long post-antibiotic effect?
fluoroquinolones
If local e coli resistance to TMP-SMX is more than 20% what options do u have?
fosfomycin
nitrofurantoin
N-acetylation?
sulfonamides
Fluoroquinolones are broad spectrum, what bacterias is it effective against?
gram negative enteric gram - bacilli acid fast bacilli psuedomonas aeruginosa gonococci
2 antibiotics for traveler’s diarrhea?
rifaximin
ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone)
Which antibiotic is effective against mycobacteria because it induces neutrophils?
fluoroquinolones
Right sided endocarditis - what to use?
daptomycin
To relieve symptoms of IBS what will you use?
rifamixin
Tendon rupture adverse effect of?
fluoroquinolones
Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole is indicated for all except: E coli Klebsiella Nocardia asteroides M catarrhalis Pseudomonas aeruginosa Shigella
pseudomonas aeruginosa
For treatment of community-acquired pneumonia by pneumococci we can use?
fluoroquinolones
Which is a cyclic lipopeptide? Used for vancomycin resistant enterococcus?
daptomycin
ROA of TMP-SMX?
oral and IV
Patient has numbness and tingling sensation, and also experiences shooting pain in limbs, hands , feet - he is probably using which antibiotic at the moment?
fluoroquinolones
If nitrofurantoin causes GI irritation what can be done to avoid this adverse effect?
use macrocrystalline formulation
Nitrofurantoin adverse effects? - all four?
GI irritation
pulmonary fibrosis
hepatitis
hematologic toxicity
Polymyxin - indications?
gram negative bacilli
including: pseudomonas aeruginosa
skin/ocular infections
2 antibiotics that prolong QT interval? (1 you should know, 2 hint: mycobacterial agent)
- fluoroquinolones
2. bendaquiline (antimycobacterial)
In patients with G6PDH def, hemolytic anemia can be because of which antibiotic?
sulfonamide
Muscle toxicity is caused by?
daptomycin
Contraindication of fluoroquinolones? (4 types of people it’s not used in?)
- children
- adolscents
- nursing mothers
- pregnant women
Which antibiotic inhibits RNA polymerase?
a. Polymyxin B
b. Daptomycin
c. Fidaxomicin
d. TMP-SMX
fidaxomicin
RoA of polymyxin
IV and Topical
Ciprofloxacin interacts with? (2 things)
caffeine
theophylline
What is the mechanism of resistance to fluoroquinolones? (3)
- alterations in enzymes (DNA gyrase / Topoisomerase IV)
- decreased porins
- efflux pump
Polymyxin B is available as topical to be used in combo with? (3 drugs)
- bacitracin
- neomycin
- trimethoprim
Silver ointment available for which antibiotics, what is it used for?
availale for: sulfadiazine
used for: superficial skin/ burn infections
